World War II Essays (639 words) - Chancellors Of Germany

World War II Before World War II broke out the world assumed a lower priority ride during Hitler's ascent to control. The whole world didn't imagine that he would turn into as powerful as he became. Hitler accomplished his capacity by depending on the navieness of the world to kick back and permit him to do however he wanted. The world was too worried about political, financial and activist turmoil to stress over a shouting German who figured we would lead the world. Previously and during the war, the world was worried about the financial framework. Since the time World War I, the world nations have been in and out of melancholies, nobody needed another exorbitant war. The United States, which was in the Greatest Depression of all, was profound immersed in its independent strategy. The US didn't need war, particularly after the last one they battled with immense causalities and tremendous measures of cash spent. The residents of the US didn't need another war since they realized that another war would cause another downturn and that was something that the individuals didn't need. Indeed, even idea the war would make occupations, and put the economy over into a war blast, the American open would not like to need to bargain with the drawbacks of a war. The significant drawback being the immense financial cost it would take on the administration, which would be battling on two seas on various sides of the world. It would turn out to be exorbitant to keep up war and win as well. The world additionally had colossal political concerns. The US was in a time of nonintervention and they needed no piece of whatever else on the planet, with the exception of the Western Hemisphere. With Germany's ascent of Nazism, the world reacted with fundamentalist gatherings springing up in each country over the world. Hitler has spread his convictions into each region in the whole world, precisely what he needed. These parties reacted to each move that their pioneer made, they helped him scout out a particular nation and invade that nation's administration. These gatherings have confidence in Hitler and did whatever he instructed them to do, remembering for the United States. After the nations understood Hitler's capacity they all framed unique partnerships. The German's aligned with Italy and Japan. The US aligned with Great England, France, and the Soviet Union. It appeared just as every day another nation would join with either side. Now and then, even, nations would concur not to battle each. The pre-war and during the war, militaries from all nations battled a war with unrivaled hardware than in the last war. With the innovation of the plane, tank, assault rifle spread war supplies everywhere throughout the globe and permitted every nation to enable itself. The US arranged for war by passing a progression of congressional acts that empowered the war spending plan to increment drastically. These acts additionally took into consideration the US to help different nations without really captivating in the war. The US provided Great Britain with provisions and ships without ever announcing war on Germany. Germany's development of the Blitzkrieg they assaulted countries and vanquished them in single days. No country had ever observed strategies like this previously, and they worked for Hitler. Hitler's aviation based armed forces was the best in the world, he had the most planes with the best pilots. They were relentless. Japan's expansion in military force substantiated itself with the besieging of Pearl Harbor in December. Japan flaunted its huge aviation based armed forces that commanded and annihilated most of the United States Navy armada. World War II was a war that united the world. There wasn't a spot on the earth were this war wasn't battled. There wasn't a spot on this planet were individuals didn't favor one side, regardless of whether with the Allies or the Axis powers. The war brought nations like the United States and the Soviet Union together. Notwithstanding, the war brought mass devastation the Europe and the enormous death of the individuals detested by the Nazi's. Hitler nearly cleared out a whole race; notwithstanding, he fizzled since the on strength and tirelessness of majority rule government upon the world.

Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress

Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Psychoneuroimmunology Sheds Light on Stress and Overall Health By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on December 08, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living 4FR / Getty Images Psychoneuroimmunology, also known as PNI, is an important, relatively new field that lends solid research to our understanding of the mind-body connection. What Is Psychoneuroimmunology? In a nutshell, PNI studies the connection between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the body. A more detailed description of PNI was given in an interview with Dr. Robert Ader, a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and one of the pioneers of this rapidly growing branch of research. It reads as follows: “Psychoneuroimmunology refers, most simply, to the study of the interactions among behavioral, neural and endocrine (or neuroendocrine), and immunologic processes of adaptation. Its central premise is that homeostasis is an integrated process involving interactions among behavior and the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.” History The field grew from the work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov and his classical conditioning model. Pavlov was able to condition dogs to salivate when they heard the ring of a bell by ringing a bell when they were given food. Eventually, they came to automatically associate the sound of the bell with the act of eating, so that when the food was no longer given, the sound of the bell would automatically cause them to salivate. With PNI, Russian researchers conducted a series of experiments that showed that the body’s other systems may be altered by conditioning as well. Although their research does not live up to today’s rigorous standards, they were able to cause immunologic reactions in animals in much the same way that Pavlov created salivation in his dogs. American researchers like Ader took the research further in the United States, and we now know for certain that immune responses can be enhanced or suppressed with a wide variety of conditioned cues. We also have a deeper understanding of the placebo effectâ€"some researchers are beginning to believe that it might be a conditioned response as well. Psychoneuroimmunology Applications Psychoneuroimmunology research sheds a great deal of light on many aspects of wellness and provides important research on stress. PNI studies have found may correlations between life events and health effects. As PNI has gained greater acceptance in the scientific community, the finding that emotional states can affect immunity has been an important one, and research in this area helps us to gain a clearer understanding of stress and its effects on health. We are gaining a clearer understanding of the links between lifestyle and personality factors and immunity as research continues. Stress and Health Research includes studies that exemplify what we have learned so far through the field of PNI and supply us with important information on the link between stress and health.

Essay on Use of Technology in Fire Safety Education

Use of Technology in Fire Safety Education Every year 5,000 lives are taken due to fire in the homes. Many of these deaths may have been prevented. Fire not only claims lives, it’s destroys property and injuries many. Thankfully, there is something we can do. Over the years, the growth in technology used in to educate about fire safety has increased greatly. We now have many different ways to reach people of all ages. Some of this information includes: increased importance of the smoke detector, fire safety houses, fire safety videos, educational websites, high school cadet programs, and fire education equipment. All of these are very helpful and successful ways of teaching about fire safety.†¦show more content†¦Fire safety houses also make appearances at elementary schools and county fairs to help educate children. They are very beneficial to children and parents as well. Fire safety videos have a great appeal to children. Videos such as, Be Cool about Fire Safety, include cartoons, songs, and voices of celebrities. Kids have fun singing along, while learning about fire safety. Sayings such as, â€Å"fall and crawl†, â€Å"don’t hide, go outside†, and of course, â€Å"stop drop and roll† are highlighted throughout the video. It’s a great way to reach children. Not to mention there are hundreds of educational fire safety videos out there. Major insurance companies have begun to produce free videos, such as All-State’s â€Å"Be Cool about Fire Safety†. Fire protection organizations also offer fire safety videos. Not all videos are directed towards children however, there are a variety of videos that appeal to all ages. Campus Firewatch offers a series of videos directed towards College students in dorms, off campus, or in Greek housing. The videos address many fire threats such as: candles and halogen lamps, as well as many facts about college fire safety. Campus Firewatch has also created magnetic stickers for college students with sayings such as: â€Å"smoke alarms- got batteries?† and â€Å"sprinklers get turned on when it’s hot†. College students are not the only other audience targeted. The elderly are also in need of fire safetyShow MoreRelatedEmergency Services for the Deaf1373 Words   |  6 PagesHurricanes, floods, fires and other emergency circumstances can be stressful for a lot of people, but they present additional hurdles for those who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. In the United States, there is an estimated 36 million adults who report some degree of hearing loss and 2-3 of every 1,000 children is Hard of Hearing or Deaf (National Institute). When an emergency situation arises, all too often these populations of people are the last to find out because it is not accessible to them; havingRead MoreProject Citizen Essay1824 Words   |  7 Pagesand Mrs. Lindberg buzzes you in. The first safety problem at Edgewood is security. 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Biography of Spiro Agnew, Vice President Who Resigned

Spiro T. Agnew was a little known Republican politician from Maryland whose unlikely ascent to the vice presidency prompted many Americans in the late 1960s to wonder Spiro who? Agnew  was an unremarkable figure known to speak in a deadening monotone who was nonetheless notorious for his combative relationship with the press and unwavering loyalty to his boss, President Richard M. Nixon. He once referred to journalists as a tiny, enclosed fraternity of privileged men elected by no one† and to Nixons critics as â€Å"nattering nabobs of negativism.†Ã‚   Agnew is perhaps most well-known for the end of his career. He was forced to resign from office after being charged with extortion, bribery and conspiracy and pleading no contest to income-tax evasion in 1973.   Early Years Spiro Theodore Agnew (also known as Ted)  was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on Nov. 9, 1918. His father, Theophrastos Anagnostopoulos, had immigrated to the U.S. from Greece in 1897 and changed his surname. The elder Agnew sold produce before entering the restaurant business. His mother was American, a native of Virginia.   Spiro Agnew attended the public schools in Baltimore and entered  Johns Hopkins University to study chemistry in 1937. He transferred out of the prestigious school after struggling academically and enrolled at the  University of Baltimore Law School. He earned his law degree, but only after being drafted into the Army during World War II.  He returned to law school after being discharged and received his law degree in 1947, then went on to practice law in Baltimore. Early Career in Politics Agnew was little known outside of his home state of Maryland before Nixon chose him as a running mate. His first foray into politics came in 1957 when he was appointed to  the Baltimore County zoning appeals board, on which he served three years. He ran and lost for a judgeship in 1960, then won the Baltimore County executive position two years later. (The position is similar to that of mayor of a city.) During Agnews tenure, the county enacted a law requiring restaurants and other establishments to be to be open to customers of all races, built new schools and increased teacher salaries. He was, in other words, a progressive Republican. After creating a name for himself in the populous Maryland County, Agnew sought and won the Republican gubernatorial nomination in 1966. He beat a Democratic candidate,  George Mahoney, who supported segregation and campaigned on the slogan  Your Home Is Your Castle—Protect It. Charging Mahoney with racial bigotry, Agnew captured the liberal suburbs around Washington and was elected governor, Agnews Senate biography reads. But he would serve as governor for fewer than two years before he caught to eye of his partys presidential hopeful, Nixon. Rise to the Vice Presidency Nixon chose Agnew as  a running mate in the campaign of 1968, a decision that was controversial and unpopular with the Republican Party. The GOP viewed the progressive urban politician with suspicion. Nixon responded by describing Agnew as  one of the most underrated political men in America,  an old fashioned patriot† who, having been raised and elected in Baltimore, was a master strategist on urban issues. â€Å"There can be a mystique about a man. You can look him in the eye and know hes got it. This guy has got it, Nixon said in defense of his choice for running mate. Agnew was elected vice president in 1968; he and Nixon were  re-elected to second term in 1972. In 1973, as the Watergate investigation was churning toward a denouement that would force the resignation of Nixon, Agnew ran into legal trouble. Criminal Charge and Resignation Agnew was facing possible impeachment or criminal charges in 1973 for allegedly accepting payoffs from contractors when he served as Baltimore County executive and vice president. But he remained defiant in the face of a grand jurys investigation.  I will not resign if indicted! I will not resign if indicted! he proclaimed. But evidence that he  evaded  paying his income taxes—he was accused of failing to report $29,500 in income—soon led to his downfall. He resigned from office on Oct. 10, 1973, under a plea deal that allowed him to avoid prison time. In a formal statement to  Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Agnew stated: I hereby resign the office of Vice President of the United States, effective immediately. A judge sentenced Agnew to  three years of probation and fined him $10,000. Nixon became the first president in U.S. history to use the  25th Amendment  to appoint a successor to the position of vice president,  House Minority Leader  Gerald  Ford. The amendment establishes the  orderly transfer of power  for replacing the president and vice president in the event they die in office, quit or are  impeached. The prosecution of the case removed Agnew from the presidential line of succession, which turned out to be a fateful decision. Nixon was forced to resign less than a year later, in August 1994, amid the Watergate scandal, and Ford took over the presidency. Agnews resignation was only the second by a vice president. (The first took place in 1832, when Vice President John C. Calhoun resigned the office to take a U.S. Senate seat.) Marriage and Personal Life Angew married  Elinor Isabel Judefind in 1942, whom he met while employed at an insurance company during his law-school years. The couple went to a movie and for chocolate milkshakes on their first date and discovered they had grown up four blocks apart. The Agnews had four children: Pamela, Susan, Kimberly, and James. Agnew died of leukemia in Berlin, Maryland, at the age of 77. Legacy Agnew will forever be know for his rapid ascent from obscurity to national prominence and his scathing attacks on the news media and polemics on society and culture. He was critical of efforts to lift Americas economically disadvantaged out of systemic poverty and of civil-rights protestors in the tumultuous late 1960s. He frequently used derogatory slurs, such as,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"If youve seen one city slum, youve seen them all.† Agnew reserved much of his ire for members of the news media. He was among the first politicians to accuse journalists of bias.   Spiro Agnew Fast Facts Full Name: Spiro Theodore AgnewAlso Known As: TedKnown For: Serving as vice president under Richard M. Nixon and resigning for tax evasionBorn:  Nov. 9, 1918 in Baltimore, Maryland, USAParents Names:  Theophrastos Anagnostopoulos, who changed his surname to Agnew, and  Margaret Marian Pollard AgnewDied:  Sept. 17, 1996 in  Berlin, Maryland, USAEducation: Law degree from the University of Baltimore Law School, 1947Key Accomplishments: Enacted a law in Baltimore County requiring restaurants and other establishments to be to be open to customers of all races, built new schools and increased teacher salariesSpouse Name:  Elinor Isabel JudefindChildrens Names:  Pamela, Susan, Kimberly and JamesFamous Quote:  In the United States today, we have more than our share of the nattering nabobs of negativism.  They have formed their own 4-H club  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  the hopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history.   Sources Hatfield, Mark O.  Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789-1993. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.Naughton, James M. Agnew Quits Vice Presidency And Admits Tax Evasion In 67; Nixon Consults On Successor. The New York Times. 11 October 1973.  https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1010.htmlSpiro T. Agnew, Ex-Vice President, Dies at 77. The New York Times. 18 September, 1996.  https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/18/us/spiro-t-agnew-ex-vice-president-dies-at-77.html

Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee - 2542 Words

1. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, Jean Louise (Scout) Finch—the narrator—lives with her brother, Jem, and their widowed lawyer of a father, Atticus, in Maycomb, Alabama. On one summer, the siblings befriend a boy named Charles Baker Harris (Dill) (who has visited for the summer), and the three soon begin to spark a fascination with the Radley Place—a cryptic and eerie house which is inhabited by a man named Arthur, although he is dubbed Boo—and begin to test Boo, even going into the yard, which leads Scout to believe that Boo is inhuman; for example, during the winter, Boo gives Scout a blanket without her noticing. Later, at the surprise to Maycomb’s racist community, Atticus agrees to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who†¦show more content†¦Ewell fatally. Afterwards, Boo carries a slightly wounded Jem back to Atticus’ residence, where two differing opinions rise—the town sheriff lies to protect Bo o, insisting that Ewell tripped and killed himself; on the contrary, Atticus wants to bring his son to trial, as he believes that he was the one who killed Ewell. The sheriff seems to get his way, and after sitting with Scout, who realizes that Boo is human, Boo returns once again to the Radley house. Following the incident, Scout has another epiphany—she realizes that it is important to practice kindness and understanding, as treating others with hatred, prejudice, and extreme bias would be worse than killing a mockingbird: â€Å"’Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens†¦.they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out†¦.That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird’† (Lee 103). 1. Jean Louise (Scout) Finch: In the beginning of the story, Scout is introduced as a five-year-old child who soon begins to show uncommon traits for a girl at the time: she is mentally years ahead of her peers, having been taught to read before school; she worries about essential goodness and has no like for hypocrisy; she always acts on what she believes to be the best; in addition, for her time (deep south, pre- Civil Rights Movement), she is quite a tomboy. Like anyone, however, she does develop a bias towards Arthur

Concept of Corporate Accounting

Questions: 1. Describe what you understand by the accounting concepts mentioned and provide examples from your selected annual report. 2. Discuss the problems of tax effect accounting addressed in the above statement in the context of the present AASB / IASB standards and the conceptual framework using your selected annual report to provide examples. 3. Comment on the issues of tax effect accounting in the above statement as they relate to the provision of decision useful information. Use your selected annual report toprovide examples. Answers: Introduction The main purpose of the assignment is to bring out matters relating with corporate accounting. In this particular assignment, Harvey Norman is taken under study that is an Australian-listed firm (Taylor, 2011). Harvey Norman is large Australia-based as well as multi-national retailer that deals in furniture, bedding as well as communication and consumer electric products. It operates in form of franchise in and around Australia. It uses conventional accounting system for bringing relevant issues into consideration. It ensures explanation of accounting concepts with examples from Harvey Norman. As far as next section is concerned, it deals with tax effect accounting standards in accordance with IAS and FASB Standards. These standards relates in accordance with conceptual framework for future analysis purpose (Spiceland, Thomas, Herrmann, 2011). At the last section, it ensures commenting on the tax effect accounting for taking future decisions into practical course of action. Explanation on accounting concepts with adequate examples in accordance with annual report of Harvey Norman It is important to consider the fact that conventional management accounting reveals accounting system that helps in providing information by the managers in business organization. It includes business owners for viewing at debts and credit items in the financial accounting reporting for the same. As far as management tools are concerned, it deals with undertaking useful decisions on behalf of Harvey Norman (Solomon Solomon, 2012). It indulges in undertaking some characteristics in case of management accounting. It ensures leveraging those useful techniques for managing business firms in desired form. In case of Harvey Norman, it indulges in Target income around $ 3.3 million at the end of financial year. Allocated funds involves around rebate terns in dealing with international suppliers for boosting target earnings in an overall manner. It ensures accumulating issues on matters relating employees on an adverse manner. Harvey Norman involves in earnings management for resulting outcomes in probing for scandal issues (Rajasekaran Lalitha, 2011). Harvey Norman declares that earnings earned by group come with 2% in the near future. It aims at targeting working with suppliers in unwinding various earnings arrangements for future analysis purpose. It is essential for indulging in clear direction and expectation of Harvey Norman as per the code of conduct for the same. It includes support from detailed group policies as per accounting policies in regular staff training for future analysis purpose (Libby, Libby, Short, 2011). It influences ways and puts up strong culture adherence in managing with long-term sustainable growth as far as possible. As far as management accounting is concerned, it deals with drawing attention on information sharing by the managers in decision-making process. It indulges in gaining financial accounting information especially by the external decision-makers in the most appropriate way. Business owners aim at undertaking managerial accounting information as per the business plans in the most appropriate way (Krivogorsky, 2011). It helps in controlling over business operations in case of evaluation in form of making complex business choices in an effective way. Management accounting is the process of c ontrolling over internal accounting system in accordance with specified facts and situations. Harvey Norman enjoys profit after tax amounting to $ 3340 million in accordance with increased 7.3 percentages. It indulges in discounted operations and non-trading items for future analysis purpose. It solves various accounting issues as well as accepting shared responsibility at the same time. As far as supplier rebate arrangements are concerned, it deals with agreed profits in between $ 10 million in case of money flow at the end of financial year (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2012). Harvey Norman aims at appointing supplier arrangement in solving probing issues from past financial activities. It indulges in comprehensive investigation in case of accounting purpose in form of commercial income for final purpose. It ensures carrying out Stuart demand in case of substantial contribution in turnaround cases. It indulges in bringing great effort and target market for future analysis purpose. Harvey Norman involves in managing with the inventory as far as possible. It is one of the nati onal retailer in bedding goods as well as furniture for the same. Harvey Norman needs to pay amount of $440 million in investment planning in the near future. In case of financial accounting, it aims at focusing on recording of past transactions as far as possible. Management accounting reveals ways in undertaking future decisions by management accountants. It is important to understand the facts relating management accounting reports for managing the budget and profit plan in an effective way. Harvey Norman needs to create budget in order to finalize business plan for the next financial years (Jones, 2011). It ensures evaluating with the accounting information in case of selecting attributes like time factor and accuracy at the same time. As far as financial accounting is concerned, it deals with focusing on accuracy matters as evaluated by decision makers. Management accountants believe in helping in creating estimates in order to render best information for making assumptions. Explanation on problems of tax effect accounting as per AASB and IASB Standards In accordance with Income taxes IAS 12, it indulges in implementation of comprehensive balance sheet in resolving accounting issues faced by Harvey Norman. It mainly includes income taxes in form of current tax recognition in viewing at the future consequences as per transactions in the most appropriate way (Jeffrey, 2011). IAS 12 includes income taxes in case of recovering for future settlement in carrying amount for future analysis purpose. It indulges in relying on business entity for assets and liabilities in an overall manner. It helps in viewing at the differences from carrying amount and tax bases for asset recognition and liabilities. It ensures carrying efficient ways for forward taxes in case of credit transactions for future analysis purpose. It helps in limiting ways in carrying out exceptional items in case of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets for the same. The main aim of IAS 12 includes prescribing important terms in accounting treatment as far as income taxes is concerned. It ensures meeting objectives in relation with IAS 12 in case of inherent recognition of assets and liabilities in proper ways. It helps in recovering ways in settling for tax consequences for further recognition at the same time (Horngren, 2013). It takes into account for tax bases in case of assets and liabilities in tax attribution in an effective way. It includes various ways for carrying amount of assets and liabilities for retaining the financial position of Harvey Norman. It ensures viewing at the temporary differences for taxable amount in determining tax profits and loss for given time. Conceptual Framework of Harvey Norman Harvey Norman aims at committing towards attaining sustainability in the near future. It accounts for economic, environmental and social impact of operations for future analysis purpose. It focuses on delivering best results that will benefit society and brings positive business in an effective way. It ensures building on social reputation and places as good corporate citizen in the upcoming years (Fields, 2011). As far as conceptual framework is concerned, it deals with describing objectives in development of general purpose of financial reporting as far as possible. It is one of the practical tools that ensures as well as assists Board for development of IFRS standards for the same. It focuses mainly on financial accounting preparation for developing various accounting policies at the same time. There is no actual IFRS standard for assisting ways in preparation of financial statements in any form. It helps in enabling ways for understanding and interpretation of financial statement as a whole (Feldmann Rupert, 2012). Conceptual framework helps in improving ways in financial reporting system. It indulges in bringing proper concepts on matters relating to accounting standard implementation in proper ways. It achieves objectives regarding existing conceptual framework as and by Board Members. It aims at updating and improving in the conceptual framework in revised form. As far as conceptual framework is concerned, it ensures defining nature and purpose of accounting principles at the same time. It ensures addressing theoretical and conceptual issues in accordance with business activities. It should ensure financial reporting system for bringing coherent and consistent information in the most appropriate way. It aims at underpinning accounting standards development in an overall manner (Edgerton, 2012). Explanation on tax effect accounting in relation with provision for making final decisions It is important to understand the fact that income tax accounting proves complexity in real life business scenario like Harvey Norman. It requires adequate knowledge as in case of income tax accounting models. It includes tax laws and regulations for future analysis purpose (Dyckman, Magee, Pfeiffer, 2011). Harvey Norman is a company that indulges in viewing at comprehensive reviews. It helps in reducing level of complexity in case of income tax accounting for the same. It helps in improving ways for bringing relevance of information for quality improvement and reporting for future analysis purpose. It helps in bringing ways for evolution in case of economic, regulatory and tax legislative actions in an overall manner. It includes addressing accounting standard setting environment in the most appropriate way. It carries out existing accounting for gaining information from magnitude of shortcomings from past financial records of Harvey Norman (Devi Hooper, 2011). As far as Financial Accounting Standard Board is concerned, it deals with original convergence agenda in case of solving future issues in convenient form. International Accounting Standard Board believes in planning out ways for reducing modest differences between respective standards in case of income tax accounting at the same time. It aims at planning out ultimate abandons in indicating ways for consulting comprehensive future in the most appropriate way (Davis, 2012). It indulges in conceptual merits in case of current models in tax measurement in form of discounted taxes and cash flow basis in an effective way. It is important to consider the fact that investors revolves around increased interest in paying attention in final decision-making process. It reported ways for viewing at income tax amount and financial disclosures as a whole. It includes committees in viewing at the pending new standards in case of revenue, leasing and related financial instruments in proper ways. It ensures improving reporting standards in reducing level of complexity and making final decisions for gaining information from potential investors (Dagwell et al. 2012). It undertakes operational challenges in association with discounts for considering matters relating to tax-effect accounting as far as possible. It helps in bringing improving tools and experience as per challenges in income tax accounting in an overall manner. It ensures focusing on discounting of deferred tax accounting at the same time. It includes net income analysis in recording one-time adjustment as far as possible. It indulges in possible refor ms in case of income tax building for Harvey Norman for redefining current models in the most appropriate way (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, 2011). It requires personnel with deep knowledge in income tax laws and financial reporting standards in proper ways. It revolves around processing with reliance exposure by using spreadsheets in general ledger system for future analysis purpose. Harvey Norman should manage outside services and increased cost at the time of financial statement preparation. As far as investors are concerned, it deals with placing at historical performance for matters relating to effective tax accounting rates in current accounting standard in the near future (Blowfield Murray, 2011). It revolves around addressing tax-related cash flows and expectations as far as possible. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is interesting in gathering facts about the company named as Harvey Norman. Harvey Norman believes in attainment of revenue generation in future and retaining the global marketplace for the same. It includes explanation on concepts relating to tax effect accounting policies of Harvey Norman. It engages in taking economic measures as per income tax costs and benefits at the same time. It indulges in viewing at the deferred tax payments and balance sheet transactions for smooth functioning of Harvey Norman. In this assignment, it reveals consolidated financial statement and separate statement for taking correction actions in the near future. It ensures necessitating initial public offering in case of business combination in the most appropriate way. Reference List Albrecht, W., Stice, E., Stice, J. (2011).Financial accounting. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Blowfield, M. Murray, A. (2011).Corporate responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dagwell, R., Wines, G., Lambert, C., Psaros, J. (2012).Corporate accounting in Australia. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson. Davis, M. (2012).Accounting for real estate transactions. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Devi, S. Hooper, K. (2011).Accounting in Asia. Bingley: Emerald. Dyckman, T., Magee, R., Pfeiffer, G. (2011).Financial accounting. [Westmont, Ill.]: Cambridge Business Publishers. Edgerton, J. (2012).Investment, accounting, and the salience of the corporate income tax. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Feldmann, D. Rupert, T. (2012).Advances in accounting education. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Fields, E. (2011).The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers. New York: American Management Association. Horngren, C. (2013).Financial accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Group. Jeffrey, C. (2011).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Jones, M. (2011).Creative accounting, fraud and international accounting scandals. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J., Warfield, T. (2012) Intermediate accounting. Krivogorsky, V. (2011).Law, corporate governance, and accounting. New York: Routledge. Libby, R., Libby, P., Short, D. (2011).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Rajasekaran, V. Lalitha, R. (2011).Corporate accounting. Noida, India: Pearson. Solomon, J. Solomon, A. (2012).Corporate governance and accountability. New York: John Wiley. Spiceland, J., Thomas, W., Herrmann, D. (2011).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Taylor, J. (2011).Forensic accounting. Harlow: Financial Times/ Prentice Hall.

Christianity in Sudan

Abstract Christianity in Sudan can be traced back to the 5th century even before the colonialists and Muslims stepped into Africa. Christianity was the official religion of the three Nubian kingdoms along Nile River: Makouria, Nobatia, and Alwa kingdom. Ever since the Muslim Arabs occupied North Africa and particularly northern Sudan, Christians have never had peace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity in Sudan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christianity is a tolerant religion unlike Islam. This paper explores the social, political, economic, and technological challenges facing Christians in Sudan. The suffering of the Christians in Sudan has been increased by the Muslim dominated Sudanese government. Introduction Christians in Sudan today face numerous challenges. The basis of these problems traces its roots to a long history. The origin of Christianity predates both the colonial and Islamic era. This goes back to the 5th century when there were Christian kingdoms in northern Sudan with churches built in every village1. Archeological evidence of this era is available in the Sudanese National Museum. By 580 A.D. Christianity was an official religion of the three Nubian kingdoms along Nile River: Makouria, Nobatia, and Alwa kingdom. This remained the way it is till 638 A.D. when Egypt was conquered by Arab Muslims. The Arabs occupied most parts of Egypt and forced the Christians to sign a non aggressive treaty with them, placing the border around Aswan2. Nevertheless, Christians who were dominantly Nubians started experiencing conflicts around the border with Muslim Arabs. Sporadically religious differences became a factor in the sprained relationship between Muslims and Christians. These problems became part and parcel of the lives of Christians. Since then these problems have persisted up to date. Sudanese government is dominated by Muslims who are trying everything possible to Islamize the whole country3. This act of coercion also occurred during the earlier spread of Christianity. Kingdoms that embraced Christianity forced their subjects to accept their new faith since it was considered as a faith of the state. Islamization of the early Kingdoms by the Muslim Kings was a major set-back to Christian faith. During that era, the King was the only person who could mobilize the people to resist invasion by the foreigners. The King’s failure to help these kingdoms led to their total collapse4. Social, political, economic and technological challenges facing Christians in Sudan During the era of government of National Salvation Revolution, scores of non-Muslims were converted to Islam. Muslims were also convinced to cross over to Christianity. The converted Muslims lived in fear of being attacked by their former Muslim brothers. Muslims rarely tolerate the existence of non-Muslims in their society.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, majority of Christians who lived in the north suffered denunciation and extermination. While Muslims-Arabs who lived in Christians dominated areas, particularly in the south, were looked upon with suspicion. Converted Christians were regarded as Judas/ betrayers. At the same time they were suspected by the Muslim Arabs as spies5. Whether Sudan remained as one state or separated as it is now, the conflict between Muslims and Christians can not be solved easily. This problem has become more complex at the moment6. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by the Khartoum government and the SPLA recognizes the diversity of the Sudanese people. The Christians in this case are considered as legitimated members of the society. However, Christians still face numerous challenges including socio-economic, political and technological problems7. On matters political, before the split of Sudan the posi tion of the Presidency was a monopoly of the Muslims. The best position which the non-muslim members, especially Christians would get was the deputy position8. Former deputy to President Omar Al Bashir, Mr. Al Zubeir Mohamed Salih had a Christian deputy by the name Gorge Kongor. Zubeir passed away when President Bashir was outside the country for official duty9. The constitution gave Kongor the power to ascent to the throne for a temporary basis until the president was back in the country but he was denied that position even though it was only for a short time. This confirmed non-Christians’ perception that the position of Presidency was only preserved for Muslims. Osman Mohamed Taha was appointed the vice President while George Kongor was retained in the third hierarchy. All the way through the history of Sudan, Christians from the south have always deputized Muslim-Arab presidents. The most recent case was that of Salva Kir deputizing Omar Al Bashir. The Southern Sudan tend ed to maintain a Muslim head of state to counter the dominant Muslim heads10. In matters economics, a study carried out in Sudan revealed that Christian churches were doing badly as compared to Muslim Mosques and other secular sectors in Sudan. This has resulted to worsening state of some of these churches socio-economically. Despite of their vision and mission, churches in the whole of Sudan have not been successful economically. This has adversely affected the Christians since they are not been given economic back up in life. The only remedy left for the church is to focus on its own economy11. In social matters, most of the Christians in Sudan are marginalized especially those in the south and western parts of Sudan. Christian faithful are susceptible to social mobility. Their places of worship are made of shabby materials which is a complete contrast to the earlier Nubian Kingdoms who worshiped in temples. Most church buildings in Sudan are very poor and some are makeshift struc tures12.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity in Sudan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christians in Sudan have minimal access to technology. Technological gadgets available to them are backward and outdated. Advanced technologies in the neighboring countries such as Kenya and Uganda have been used to facilitate worship and evangelism. Technological gadgets used in these countries include Radio, computers, mobile phones, TVs, among others. However, these technologies are mere fairy tales to majority of the Christians in Sudan13. The topmost challenge facing Christianity and other religions in Sudan and the rest of the world is secularism. The modern day lifestyles are characterized by ungodly existence even among religious faithful. This is one of the reasons why the Muslim dominant government of Khartoum has been pushing for Islamic state where the daily activities of the citizens are governed by relig ious doctrines. Christians in Sudan, though aspiring for secular state, are expressing caution on the way this type of state should operate. Christians are urged to balance personal freedom and abuse of values of human life14. Christians in Sudan also face oppression and intimidation from the Muslim majority. Many of these atrocities were committed during the era of Government of National Salvation Revolution (G.N.S.R.). The incumbent is a member of the Islamic party branded as National Congress Party. The party is believed to have been designed and structured by Muslims. During the era of Government of National Salvation Revolution Christian properties were confiscated. This included the forcible take over of the Catholic club by the state in Khartoum. There is still a widespread outcry by Christians in the north regarding the abusive approach used by the government machinery towards them15. Government of National Salvation Revolution also used guerilla tactics such as promoting in terdenominational conflicts to achieve their objectives. When the Christians in Sudan were voicing their concern to stop the war in south Sudan, the government had infiltrated the churches and was using their own members to fight them. While most of the Christians were advocating for peace in south Sudan, those who had been compromised by the state were holding different opinion. Churches which complied with the state directives were converted into national churches. These include the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sudan (ECSS) and the Reformed Episcopal Church (REC)16.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Government of National Salvation Revolution was accused of intentionally interfering with the affairs of the Sudanese churches. Many church leaders pleaded with the incumbent to help stop these acts of injustice against the church but in vain. On the other hand, the attention of the president was drawn to the actions of Islamic group known as Ansar. The abuse and oppression of Christianity are exemplified in the burning of the Bible copies in Khartoum on February 8th 199917. Christians in Sudan are also infringed of their legal rights. Religious freedom in Sudan is monopolized by the ruling party and the Government of National Salvation Revolution. Even though the Comprehensive Peace Pact addressed the issue of religious freedom, its implementation has remained unsuccessful. Religious pundits stated that religious freedom in Sudan is disjointed and complex. Religious freedom is entrenched in the constitution, but since the Judiciary is dominated by the Muslims justice has become an illusion to the Christians in Sudan18. Conclusion Christianity in Sudan traces its roots back to the 5th century. Christianity existed in the northern Africa even before the coming of the colonialists and the Islamic religion. Increased dominance of the north by the Muslim Arabs has caused a great deal of suffering to the Christians. Contrary to Islam, Christianity is known to be very tolerant to other religions. The problems Christians face in Sudan have been increased by the Muslim dominated government in Khartoum. Christians undergo all forms of oppressions and human right violations in Sudan. Bibliography Brenner, Louis. 2000. Histories of religion in Africa. Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no.2 (JUNE):143-167. John, Kongi. 2011. Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation. Web. Ogbukalu, Uke. 2005. African Christianity: An African Story. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Church History, University of Pretoria Yusuf F. Hassan. 2002. Reli gion and Conflict in Sudan. Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series. Footnotes 1 Brenner, Louis.† Histories of religion in Africa†. Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no.2 (2000):143-167. 2 Ogbukalu, Uke. African Christianity: An African Story. Pretoria, South Africa (Department of Church History, University of Pretoria, 2005). 3 Louis, 144. 4 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 5 Ibid, 4. 6 Ibid 5. 7 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 8 Ibid, 4. 9 Ibid,5. 10 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 11 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 12 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 13 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 14 Brenner, Louis.† Histories of religion in Africa†. Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no.2 (2000):143-167. 15 John, Kongi. â€Å"Responding to Islamization, Marginalization, Victimization and Intimidation†. 16 Ibid, 6. 17 Yusuf F. Hassan, Religion and Conflict in Sudan (Nairobi: Pauline publications, Faith in Sudan series, 2002). 18 Ogbukalu, Uke. African Christianity: An African Story. Pretoria, South Africa ( Department of Church History, University of Pretoria, 2005) This essay on Christianity in Sudan was written and submitted by user Evelynn Parker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.