The impact of competitive strategy on culture and organizational Essay

The impact of competitive strategy on culture and organizational behavior - Essay Example Organizations have to be conscious of their effect on their workers’ behavior both within as well as in their personal lives outside the company. This is especially true where multinational corporations such as ‘Xerox’ which have foreign subsidiaries are concerned. Xerox, a $22 billion firm which was founded in 1906, is a multinational corporation which operates in 160 nations, and has 160, 000 employees. Companies of such magnitude naturally have to tackle different issues concerning organizational behavior so as to inspire members of staff from different cultural backgrounds and remain relevant in the competitive business industry. The success of Xerox is actually dependent on the productivity of its workers. Levels of the Analysis of Organizational Behavior The main objective of seeking to comprehend principles concerning organizational behavior is to acquire a better understanding of concepts that affect group as well as individual dynamics in the workplace. S tudying organizational behavior consists of conducting three levels of evaluation on corporate resources. In the first level of analysis, which considers the individual, the study of organizational behavior will take into account factors such as the learning patterns of the individual, the individual’s creativity, turnover, motivation, cooperative behavior, cognition, and ethics. The psychology of the individual, and how it affects his or her decisions in the workplace, is considered (Schermerhorn, Hung, and Osborn, 2005). Individual personality plays a big role in determining if organizational behavior will be based on being cooperative or portraying deviant behavior. Workers are suited to different types of organizations because of their personalities (Schermerhorn, Hung, and Osborn, 2005). For example, individualistic workers tend to be openness to new experience, self-monitoring, and possess other proactive qualities. Workers who are more individualistic in nature will re adily take risks, generate different forms of communication, and engage in proactive socialization. In the second level of analysis, which takes into account the significance of groups in organizations, the subjects that are evaluated have to do with dynamics such as cohesion, intra- and intergroup conflict, power, leadership, networks, interpersonal communication, and roles (La pierre and Hackett, 2007). What is emphasized in this stage is the function of sociological processes within the workforce in an organization. In the third level of analysis, what is emphasized on is the dynamics concerning the organization. These could include organizational structure, corporate culture, inter-organizational cooperation, cultural diversity, and external environmental forces. In organizational analysis, the investigation of corporate behavior is based on office politics and anthropology. The Role of Workers in determining organizational Behavior In order for a company to assess the success o f organizational behavior within its workforce, it has to conduct a number of internal examinations. According to Luthans and Youssef (2004) ten percent of workforce behaviors in nearly all organizations are responsible for 80% of organizational performance. It is therefore important for an organization to ensure that it identifies these critical behaviors. People who work

The Vietnam War On The Americans Reputation History Essay

The Vietnam War On The Americans Reputation History Essay War is an inevitable concept within American history. A nation that in some way or form has risen as an ally to many, and gained a reputation for being amongst, if not, the most powerful nation in the world, based on a series of victories both internally and externally, significantly as a key figure throughout the Cold War (1947-1989). The loss of the Vietnam War (1956-1973) is a black mark on Americas reputation and indeed history. There are a series of contributing factors to Americas downfall which include implemented strategies and tactics from both opposing sides, political and economic factors, the TET offensive and of course the American anti-war movement. Each factor inevitably played a role and adds to the list of reasons as to why America lost the Vietnam War. The effective strategies and tactics implemented by the communist forces namely the NVA (North Vietnamese Army) and Vietcong can be seen as a significant factor to the communist victory in 1975 Vietnam. These tactics and strategies employed by the South Vietnamese and US forces ultimately impacted strongly on the civilians in Vietnam and lead to the rise of anti-war movements in the USA. Mao Zedongs Golden Rules seemingly formed the basis for communist attacks by the Vietnamese. It entitled that The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue (FOOTNOTE). This made communist forces a very strong and able fighting force, as they were both militarily and politically strong. Politically they were able to persuade civilians through nationalism and the promise of land reforms. Guerrilla warfare was the main tactics employed by the communist forces to achieve their main aims. It proved very successfully prior to 1960 in defeating both the French and Japanese as they adopted guerrilla warfare to textbook perfection (FOOTNOTE). Similarly guerrilla warfare favoured communist forces namely the Vietcong and the NLF (National Liberation Front) as the jungle like terrain of Vietnam was much suited to guerrilla warfare and they had the support from majority of the peasantry who were essentially the eyes and ears (FOOTNOTE) of the communist forces. Guerrilla warfare was also adopted in response to the military might and the sophisticated weaponry of the US and ARVN (Army of The republic of Vietnam). Tactics implored to combat this included a 300 kilometre intricate network of underground tunnels built by the Viet Cong and the NLF which housed food and weapon supplies, hospitals and protection from American artillery barrages and air strikes (FOOTNOTE). General Giap believed the way to victory was by gradually wearing down the enemy the way to win is by small defeats, one after the other until the coup de grace (FOOTNOTE). The result of guerrilla warfare was very successful, particularly in demoralising the enemy, as there was a constant threat of an ambush or stumbling upon the many mines and traps planted by the communist forces which accounted for 10% of American casualties (FOOTNOTE). Essentially it was the view that one guerrilla killed is equal to two main force killed. (FOOTNOTE) In comparison to the Vietcong, the US and ARVN had no effective strategies implemented to combat the communist forces guerrilla tactics, and in comparison to the American infantry, communist forces namely the Viet Cong were well trained in political indoctrination for the villages and gaining their support, as civilian support would ultimately prove essential for victory (FOOTNOTE). Another contributing factor as to why the Americans lost in Vietnam can be seen in contrast to the communist forces. Both the USA and the South Vietnamese forces implemented ineffective tactics and strategies which consequently contributed to the communist victory. Many historians such as David Chandler believed that the United States could have never won as French President Charles de Gaulle in 1962 predicted, step by step, is sucked into a bottomless military and political quagmire (FOOTNOTE). The escalation of advisors from 1962-1964 to 100,000, and after the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 American troops numbers increased and where engaged in military operation (FOOTNOTE). This gradual build of troops historian Stanley Karnow believed is another reason for the communist victory, as they should of began with a full-scale commitment as a gradual build up allowed the North to expand and the South to deteriorate (FOOTNOTE). The American and South Vietnamese forces relied heavily on their advance weaponry and conventional military tactics instead through political and social means as historian High Higgins states Americans sought to achieve liberation by means of destruction.(FOOTNOTE) Tactics employed include Search and Destroy which aimed at surrounding and attacking suspected villages which had potential for harbouring Vietcong (FOOTNOTE). Many of the villages were attacked even without Vietcong infiltration, leading to the increasing peasant support for the communist forces. Other tactics employed include many bombing operations including Barrel Roll and Rolling Thunder, with use of napalm, defoliants and herbicides such as Agent Orange were used in the belief of removing significant amounts of jungle to make the Vietcong easier to spot, these operations destroyed over 1/3 of the Vietnamese jungles (FOOTNOTE). These many tactics used by the US and South Vietnamese led to many civilian casualties thus increasing support for the communist forces. There was an alleged 1.3 million civilian casualties as a result from both US forces as well as communist forces with many of these casualties due to the ineffective US strategies including the bombing operations having much effect on peaceful villages (FOOTNOTE). It is the massacre at My Lai highlights in which 450 men, women and children were killed, which highlights the low morale and frustration of the American soldiers resulting in a media and anti war movement backlash (FOOTNOTE). The ineffectiveness led to greater civilian support for the communist forces, which was vital for a communist victory. The US and South Vietnamese forces failed to develop a democratic and reformed government in the south in opposition to the North. America backing the Diem regime during the escalation of the war, a dictatorship that features oppression, repression, censoring, corruption and nepotism created much dissent from the civilians and boosted support for the communist forces. The Strategic Hamlet programme (1962) which removed peasants from their lands and was militarily enforced, created resentment towards the US and South Vietnamese governments (FOOTNOTE). There were also easily infiltrated by the Viet Cong, thus creating more support for the communist forces. Under Nixons introduction to the policy of Vietnamisation in 1969 began the start of US troop withdrawal and leaving the responsibility of the war to the South Vietnamese ARVN, which highlights another ineffective tactic amounting to the victory of the communist forces. The US still provided financial and military support, but the ARVN were much dependant on the US forces and without them were unable to defend South Vietnam. They were poorly trained and lacked military logistics and intelligence. Vietnamisation left an inadequate South Vietnam to defend itself against the North, leading to the inevitable Communist victory on April 30, 1975. TET is the Buddhist New Year and an informal recognised truce was usually held (FOOTNOTE). Beginning 1968, January 31st, North Vietnams military leader Vo Nguyen Giaps plan was to simultaneously attack all targets, but this had failed. But it did not diminish intensity of a campaign that nearly defeated South Vietnam. Six major cities in South Vietnam were attacked, for nearly a week Saigon was in flames and the US embassy was temporarily occupied by the Vietcong. The TET offensive was a military victory for the US/ARVN forces. All battles won by US and the casualty rates were in favour of the US at this point after massive US bombing missions decimated North Vietnamese positions. The primary focus of the news in the US was the heroic struggle of the American soldiers to defeat communist menace in the south; the US population was led to believe they were winning the war. The US continued to claim their forces were pushing back the NVA into Laos and Cambodia. But as the conflict intensified, many news reporters clashed with military authorities in Saigon. The idea of US success was crushed by TET Offensive in 1968, the world saw Saigon in flames and the US embassy occupied (FOOTNOTE). Viewers began to question war effort. Hanois military losses converted into a media victory as anti-war demonstrations accelerated in US. Hanoi lost the TET offensive because it was not a quick victory, troops were overextended and under supplied, the South Vietnamese stood their ground and didnt retreat, the US air power provided crucial support and no uprise of the people took place. Even though the North lost the battle during the TET Offensive, it was effective in diminishing the will of the US, which was another significant contributing factor. The origins of anti-war movements in the USA can be traced to the commencement of President Johnsons massive bombing campaign (Operation Rolling Thunder 1965-68) on North Vietnam and the introduction of conscription (FOOTNOTE). On university campuses groups like Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the War Resisters League began to spring up, questioning why their peers were fighting without a cause and being killed on the other side of the world. They refused to fight, and avoided the draft by changing their name or moving to Canada. 13 000 young men were convicted for draft avoidance and fined up to $10 000 or sentenced to 12 months hard labour (FOOTNOTE). Others who were conscripted showed their dissatisfaction with the war by wearing peace symbols and refusing to obey orders. The media coverage of the war once more instrumental in communicating the horrors of the conflict to a public who had been consuming optimistic propaganda they received from the government. Protest activities included rallies, marches, draft-card burning, teach-ins, and speeches to name a few. By 1967 there was a bitter change in Americas attitude to the war. In New York 100 000 anti-war protesters congregated and many more did the same in San Francisco, while urban riots occurred in Detroit (FOOTNOTE). An anti-military backlash meant that soldiers returning from war were considered baby-killers, not heroes like their fathers had been in WWII. Vietnam Veterans Against the War was formed. It was inevitable that the US and RoV were to be defeated in the Second Indochina war. What attributed to this defeat were not only the strengths of the Norths strategy of guerrilla warfare and the vital success of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in supplying the troops. The strategy of the US and the South was hopeless in all senses for this type of war. Their use of conventional techniques and Pacification programs in the end pushed the people to believe they are in fact the enemy. The fact that the North has an emotional cause appealing to the whole of the people and the all-round inappropriate strategy of the south and US it was inevitable from the stat that the South would be defeated.

jurassic park :: essays research papers

Introduction–First Iteration Summary Introduction In the late twentieth century, the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering has positioned itself to become one of the great technological revolutions of human history. Yet, things changed when Herber Boyer, a biochemist at the University of California, founded the company Genentech in 1976 to exploit the commercial potential of his research. Since then the field has exploded into a global amalgam of private research firms developing frivolous, profit-hungry products, such as square trees tailor-made for lumber, without any sort of government regulation. The appearance of a company like International Genetic Technologies, then should come as no surprise. InGen, as the company is informally known, apparently was the instigator of some sort of "incident," and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1989. The proceedings drew little publicity, but certain parties involved were amenable to discussing the events that transpired on a remote island off the shores of Costa Rica... Prologue: The Bite of the Raptor Roberta "Bobbie" Carter, a doctor working in a medical center in Bahia Anasco, Costa Rica, is on duty one stormy night with her paramedic, Manuel. An "InGen Construction" helicopter lands nearby and a red-haired man named Ed Regis brings in a man who he claims was injured in a construction accident. Bobbie suggests Regis bring the patient, a young man around eighteen years old, to San Josà ©, the nearby capital city where better facilities are available. Regis resists, claiming the helicopter cannot make it any further in the bad weather. Bobbie looks at the boy's injuries, tear-like lacerations across his torso and thigh, and is skeptical they were really caused by construction equipment. She asks Regis to leave and takes a few photographs of the injuries, then the boy wakes up whispering, "Lo sa raptor." Manuel is obviously distressed by the slippery, foul-smelling foam they have found on the boy's cuts and by the boy's eerie "raptor" statement. Nonetheless, Manuel claims he does not know what the phrase means. As the boy continues to whisper, Manuel states that the boy has been bitten by one of the raptors or "hupia"—ghosts who, according to a local superstition, live in the islands offshore and kidnap children. The boy suddenly sits up, vomits blood and falls to the floor, convulsing. He is dead. Curious about the word "raptor," Bobbie looks it up in a Spanish dictionary and finds that it means "abductor." She also looks it up in an English dictionary, which says that it means "bird of prey.

Hard Times

Compare the characters of Slackbridge and Blackpool in this chapter. How do they symbolise both the values that Dickens admires and the attributes he dislikes? In this chapter Slackbridge is presented as a loud, hot tempered and shallow man, whereas Blackpool is presented as an honest, calm and straight forward man, also a man of great honesty, compassion, and integrity, Stephen maintains his moral ideals even when he is rejected by his fellow workers and fired by Bounderby. During this chapter Slackbridge gives an impassioned speech about the necessity of unionizing and of showing their sense of fellowship.The only person who remains unconvinced is Stephen Blackpool. Stephen says he does not believe that the union will do any good because it will only aggravate the already tense relationship between employers and workers. You can tell that these two men are opposite characters when they perform their speeches. Slackbridge is portrayed as a talented speaker as Dickens writes â€Å"S lackbridge, the orator, looked about him with a withering smile†. This also shows that he is an arrogant and sarcastic man. He uses long, complex sentences to confuse the audience and making it difficult to follow what he is saying.This implies that Slackbridge wants to show off his power; however Stephen says nothing to suggest power. Blackpool uses simple sentences and no fancy vocabulary whilst speaking, for example â€Å"That’s not for him† and â€Å"That’s not for nobody but me. † The noun â€Å"friends† is repeated and used by both characters, but in two different ways. Slackbridge uses the hyperbole â€Å"Oh my friends† to try and manipulate the workers as he does not care about them. Slackbridge also says â€Å"Oh my fellow-country-men† to try and act as if he is their friend, to try and persuade the workers to go on strike.The industrial revolution was happening at this moment in time. It was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, and then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the rest of the world. He tries to raise the workers up by saying â€Å"One united nation†, he knows what they can achieve. Whereas Blackpool can relate to the workers and can say â€Å"my friends† without having to pretend.The workers would have known Stephen since he was around ten years old. Therefore the workers have far more in common with Blackpool than they would have with Slackbridge. In politics, right-wing describes a political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of social hierarchy and Slackbridge, at the time, was in favor of the right wing as he says â€Å"The orator having refreshed himself, wiped his corrugated forehead from left to righ t several times with his handkerchief folded into a pad†.The adjective ‘corrugated’ suggests that he is an uneven character. Slackbridge does not want anything to do with the workers even though he is the link between them and the manager, Mr Bounderby. The adjectives ‘down-trodden’, â€Å"fellow-countrymen’, ‘iron-handed’ and ‘fellow sufferers’ are hyphenated modifiers illustrates the difference between the workers and the management, he is also empathising them. Stephen Blackpool lives a life of drudgery and poverty.In spite of the hardships of his daily toil, he strives to maintain his honesty, integrity, faith, and compassion. He is only asking for the right to work as he says â€Å"I hope I shall die ere ever such a time cooms, and I shall work solitary among yo unless is cooms†. This implies that Stephen loves to work and that is why he does not want to go on strike. Stephen is the only Hand who refuses t o join a workers’ union: he believes that striking is not the best way to improve relations between factory owners and employees, and he also wants to earn an honest living. I ha’ never had no fratch† demonstrates his innocence due to the fact that he has never had an argument with anyone. He also refuses to spy on his fellow workers for Bounderby, who consequently sends him away. Both groups, rich and poor, respond in the same self-interested, backstabbing way. Slackbridge labels Blackpool as a turncoat as the verbs ‘deserts’ his post, ‘sells’ his flag, ‘turns’ a traitor and a craven and a recreant, suggests that Stephen is a cruel man, he tries to convince the workers that Stephen has let them down.Slackbridge could not make Blackpool sounds less worthy if tried. Dickens favors and admires Stephen Blackpool as he is the perfect balance in ‘fact’ and fancy’. Also Dickens hates trade unions and strikes, t herefore he would hate Slackbridge as he wants the workers to go on strike and he is full of facts. Through Stephen, Dickens suggests that industrialization threatens to compromise both the employee’s and employer’s moral integrity, thereby creating a social muddle to which there is no easy solution.

A supermarket in california

Poetry Poetry is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning to an audience. In â€Å"A supermarket in California† by Allen Ginsberg, he uses symbolism and literary allusions to convey a man going through a crisis between the modern American consumerism, an individual's detachment with nature; following the ways of his idol Walt Whitman by living a spiritual natural lifestyle and also tell a story about his search for sexual acceptance among the society for homosexuals.Walt Whitman's work deals with nature and how modern ocieties have effects on the natural world. Also the use of Whitman in this poem is a device which Allen Ginsberg used to contract his idols version of reality and also sexuality. Allen Ginsbergs first literary device in the poem, â€Å"A supermarket in California† is the use of symbolism. Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. In (line 4) â€Å"l went into the neon fruit mark et†.The supermarket is symbolic of mass production in modern America while the neon is symbolic of how artificial the society has become and also opposes Allen's naturalistic way of living because here is nothing natural about a neon light. However he continues to seek some kind of approval from Walt by asking â€Å"Where are we going â€Å"Walt Whitman†, Overall the supermarket symbolizes how artificial the supermarket has become as a venue for food sales.These symbols relates Allen's his perspective of the supermarket compared to natural food/ street stores/ farmers market and he describes it as a symbol of the man-made consumerist nature of a supermarket. He then went on to talk about the peaches and the penumbras. â€Å"What peaches and what penumbras! Whole families shopping at night! Aisles full of husbands! Wives in the avocados, babies in the tomatoes! And you Garcia Lorca, what were you doing by the watermelon? (Lines 6-8).The fruit symbolizes his yearn for t he American family to be close to nature and got things in little quantities rather than mass produced goods. He also wished the society was still close; his description of the family showed the family all over the place not making unilateral decision and not doing things as a whole rather as individuals. The families is symbolic of how everyone is going about their lives based on the â€Å"society's idea† of what a mainstream family should be hence eading to people lacking uniqueness, authenticity and a sense of self also becoming indistinguishable from the produce (not unique) .In the final part of his poem Allen goes on to talk about how less optimistic he was about the world he lives in. He then questions Whitman; â€Å"where are we going the doors close in an hour† (18) this symbolizes his realization that everything is going to change no matter what. His glorified idea of the natural world seems to be falling apart around him and he realizes it might not last due to the new consumerist nature of modern America. He admits that he feels absurd for having such high opes of seeing the beauty of supermarket commodities in lines 20-21.He realizes there is no place that ne and Walt can to tind W t's ideal place and realizes that their journey through the â€Å"solitary streets† past symbols of a â€Å"lost America† such as cars would only lead them to a lonely life (line 22-25). Allen Ginsbergs second literary device in the poem is the use of literary allusion. Literary allusion is a reference to a work of art, music, history, religion, or another work of literature within a piece of literature.It is pretty obvious that Walt Whitman is the driving force behind the oem; he is mentioned several times and also portrayed as a lonely man and also as a lifestyle along with other poets; however he had several other allusions such as Garcia Lorca in (line 8) who was an influential Spanish poet and an inspiration to Walt, Charn in (line 28) w ho was from the Greek mythology. Allen uses these individuals as a point of reference for his audience to refer to see how much this gotten â€Å"worse† and changed since their era so his reader could get a feel of then and now.Later on it became quiet known that Allen was gay and parts of the poem symbolized and represented a person who is being unsure of his sexuality and omeone who is going through a Journey of self-discover, this can be seen to some clues of Allen referencing Walt and Lorca who were both gay right activists and also homosexual individuals. It is quite clear when Allen states â€Å"l saw you Walt Whitman, childless, lonely grubber, poking among the meats in the refrigerator and eyeing the grocery boys†.Allen is making Walt Whitman's sexuality obvious by calling him a homosexual. Allen isolating Walt, stating that he is childless, lonely and eyeing boys are all clearly accusations at the society since during that time the society was not ccepting of homosexual of the idea of homosexuality and the ideology behind the â€Å"American dream† was a man, a woman, and their children in a house not a man or a woman and a man or a woman and their children.He is makes these comparisons in order to made his readers see how similar he is to Walt. And how he feels they do not belong since the idea of the American dream/modern America didn't accept them for who they are and the only way they can survive is to pretend about who they are. In Allen's poem he uses these literary devices to show the reader that America's onsumerism has caused a detachment between humans and natures.The use of symbolism allows the reader the chance to see Allen's point of view and to also show how much individuals have conformed to the societys new perspective of mainstream and modern America and also show how the society was not accepting of being homosexual and if one tries to defy the societies opinion of â€Å"relationships and marriage† he/she w ould only end up alone. With Literary allusion it helped the readers connect to him; to see where he is coming from literary and also have a historic background of what he is trying to relay.

Prince of Demons Professor Ramos Blog

Prince of Demons I started watching this show on Netflix called Stranger Things because my little cousins love it and I wanted to understand their interest. As I watched the first episode of season three and I saw their little faces focus on the story it made me curious. So, as any rational person would do, I binge watched the first season in 2 days. The show is set in the 80s in the sleepy little Indiana town of Hawkins. It starts off with what looks like a scientist running frantically through an underground hallway, he rushes to the elevator watching carefully for what is coming, then as the elevator doors closes, he hears an unnatural growl coming from inside the elevator, he is too late, the monster is there above him, as the elevator doors closed we see the scientist scream and lifted up by something that growls and something we can’t’ see. The scene shoots back to four little kids playing a harmless game of dungeons and dragons. At the end of the game, they ride their bikes home, but one kid doesn’t make it home safely. This kid sees some sort of monster in the woods near his house, he runs inside, this monster approaches his home, he runs out scared into the shed behind the house, grabs the rifle, proceeds to load it with bullets and as he is aiming at the door, the light flickers and he vanishes (Stranger Things, season 1, episode 1). This is the beginning of a series of horrifying encounters where this monster feasts on unsuspecting civilians in the dead of night then vanishes. This monster is strong, violent, and its thirst for blood is never quenched but it is not immortal. As we go on to watch the rest of season one of Stranger Things we find that even monsters bleed. For this reason, I must give this monster an A because it is terrifying but also vulnerable. As the entire town looks for the missing boy, Will Byers, other people go missing in ways that can’t be understood. However, one thing that is constant about the vanishing is that they happened at night and there was blood. Then we finally get a good look at the monster responsible for all this destruction and it is identified as a Demogorgon.   The Demogorgon was first brought to life in the fantasy role playing game Dungeons and Dragons. In the game Dungeons and Dragons, the Demogorgon is described as â€Å"a rampaging monster, said to be â€Å"the embodiment of chaos, madness, and destruction.† Unsurprisingly, he also proves himself to be one of the most dangerous demon lords invading the Underdark, and a herald of all-out destruction.† In Stranger Things, the Demogorgon is drawn out at night by blood (Stranger Thing, season one, episode 6). It is insatiable and destroys everything in its path. The Demogorgon is strong and isn’t slowed down by fire or bullets, but it is able to be hurt although it doesn’t faze this creature. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen is the writer of Monster Culture (Seven These) where he breaks down the different aspects of monsters and helps explain what purpose they serve no matter how far fetched the imagined monster or its abilities are. Of the seven theses, I have found four that apply to the Demogorgon perfectly. The first monster theory that applies to the Demogorgon is Thesis II: the monster always escapes. â€Å"We see the damage that the monster wreaks, the material remains, but the monster itself turns immaterial and vanishes to reappear someplace else† (Cohen 4). This proves to be true in Stranger Things because the monster lives in a place called the upside down where the environment is toxic to humans (Stranger Things, season one, episode 8). The monster comes out at night through a gate, hunts then goes back to the upside down and the gate closes behind him(Stranger Thing, season one, episode 6). Once the gate is closed, humans cannot reopen it easily. The gate can be opened by the Demogorgon anywhere, a tree in the forest, a ceiling of a house or the wall of a high school. Once the Demogorgon goes back through the gate back to the upside down, the gate closes behind it. The upside down is a parallel universe that can only be accessed by creating a massive amount of energy, mo re than humans are currently capable of creating, to open a tear in time and space then you create a doorway, like a gate. (Stranger Things, season one, episode 5). The upside down is also referred to the vale of shadows by the kids in the show. The vale of shadows is an evil dimension, an echo of the material plane (our dimension) where necrotic and shadow magic exist (Stranger Things, season one, episode 5). â€Å"The monster always escapes because it refuses easy categorization† (Cohen 6). Thesis III: the monster is the Harbinger of Category Crisis applies to the Demogorgon because â€Å"the too-precise laws of nature as set forth by science are gleefully violated in the freakish compilation of the monster’s body† (Cohen 6,7). The Demogorgon in Stranger Things has grey skin that looks wet all the time. It is taller than any human and slender. It has one head, no eyes, no ears but five flaps, where a face would be, that open to expose a large circle for a mouth covered in sharp teeth (Stranger Things, season one, episode 6). It has long arms and five pointed fingers on each hand. Its feet are like bird claws that are webbed. The Demogorgon is unnatural, every feature is menacing and unnerving. The only way that it looks remotely human is that it has arms, legs, a torso and a head but there is nothing human about it. There is nothing animalistic about it either; anima ls get tired and rest, if you shoot at them, they slow down eventually. The Demogorgon never slows down, it never rests, it consumes everything leaving chaos, pain and destruction in its wake. â€Å"Curiosity is more often punished than rewarded† (Cohen 12). This proves to be true for the faction of the government seeking to extend the boundaries of the human mind. In this season, a little girl with telekinetic and telepathic powers appears just when the Demogorgon is set loose, her name is Eleven (Stranger Things, season one, episode 1). In season one, episode six of Stranger Things we find out that in the 50s there was an experiment called the MK ultra, where the CIA gave human subjects drugs like LSD or other psychedelic drugs then they would strip them naked and put them in isolation tanks filled with salt water so they could float around. The subjects would lose any sense, they would feel nothing, see nothing. The purpose was to expand the boundaries of the mind. One of the subjects, Terry Ives, was pregnant at the time she engaged in these experiments. It was reported that she miscarried in the third trimester, but Terry never believed that, she believed she gave birth to a baby girl who could control things with her mind and that the government was going to use her little girl as a weapon. In the CIAs efforts to explore the unknown they came across something dangerous and something they weren’t prepared for. â€Å"one is better off safely contained within one’s own domestic sphere than abroad, away from the watchful eyes of the state† (Cohen, 12). That is why Thesis V: the monster polices the borders of the possible applies to the Demogorgon. People wanted to know more once it was discovered and everyone paid a price for that discovery whether it was with their lives or the lives of loved ones. Thesis VII: the monster stands at the threshold†¦of becoming. â€Å"monsters are our children. They can be pushed to the farthest margins of geography and discourse, hidden away at the edges of the worlds and in the forbidden recesses of our mind but they always return† (Cohen 20). As stated before, the Demogorgon brings on chaos and destruction. War, riots, active shooters and crime are chaotic, unforgiving and destructive. Humans with a lack of remorse or overcome with rage sometimes become blinded by these emotions and give in to the chaos and become entities of destruction themselves. Perhaps the Demogorgon represents the worst part of humankind. Perhaps the Demogorgon represents what would happen if we didn’t keep our selves in check, if we weren’t governed by laws. Perhaps the Demogorgon is a representation of the worst part of humankind, perhaps it represents active shooters who take so many lives without remorse, without rhyme or reason. The Demogorgon gets an A for the fear that it brings on, for what it represents and because it can be defeated. It is terrifying because it is a predator with no qualms on who it claims. It represents death and destruction, something that humankind has been capable of and proved their capabilities decade after decade. Although this monster cannot be changed, it can be killed; the death, destruction, chaos and madness that it brings can come to an end by killing it. As we see in the last episode of season one, the Demogorgon is finally destroyed when Eleven uses her powers to kill the monster. I take this as when strong people stand up to evil, that is when it comes to an end. â€Å"Article Demogorgon: Prince of Demons.† Demogorgon: Prince of Demons | Dungeons Dragons, dnd.wizards.com/articles/features/demogorgon-prince-demons. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Chapter one Monster Culture (Seven Theses). Univ of Minnesota Press.1996. Stranger Things: Season One. Written by Ross Duffer, Matt Duffer, Justin Doble, Jessie Nickson-Lopez, Paul Ditcher, Kate Trefty, Netflix, 2016.

complete predicate in English grammar

complete predicate in English grammar Definition In traditional English grammar, a  complete predicate is made up of a verb or verb phrase along with its objects, complements, and/or adverbial  modifiers.  Ã‚   A verb by itself is sometimes called a simple predicate. Complete predicates are all the words in a sentence that are not part of the complete subject. Examples and Observations The four boys in the back row of the classroom  giggled helplessly. Dr. Mabel stood up and blushed and  giggled and  looked flustered. -(Robert A. Heinlein,  Time for the Stars. Scribners, 1956)The engineers struck oil. He sat down and  struck a match  to light his pipe. -(Paul Goodman, The Empire City, 1942)   Exactly at six, Martha  struck a small silver bell  with a silver fork and waited until its clear note had died away. -(Pam Durban, Soon. The Southern Review, 1997) The telescreen struck fourteen. He must leave in ten minutes.  He had to be back at  work by fourteen-thirty. Curiously, the chiming of the hour seemed to have put new heart into him.(George Orwell,  Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1949)Department stores, with their  escalators and clouds  of perfume and ranks of nylon lingerie, were like Heaven itself. -(John Updike, Self-Consciousness, 1989). Momma  opened boxes of crispy  crackers and we sat around the meat block at the rear of the Store. I sliced onions and Bailey opened two or even three cans of  sardines and allowed their juice of oil and fishing boats to ooze down and around the sides. -(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969)   After exercising, Stuart  would slip on his handsome wool wrapper, tie the cord tightly around his waist, and start for the bathroom, creeping silently through the  long dark hall  past his mothers and fathers room, past the hall closet where the carpet sweeper was kept, past Georges room and along by the head of the stairs until he got to the bathroom. -(E.B. White,  Stuart Little, 1945)      Testing to Find the Complete Predicate To figure out which words make up the complete predicate: (1) Examine the sentence: The pain from a headache generally persists for about a day.(2) Ask yourself what the subject ( The pain) does.The answer is the pain generally persists for about a day. That is the complete predicate.(3) Make up a sentence with a subject and a complete predicate. (Pamela Rice Hahn and Dennis E. Hensley, Macmillan Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in 24 Hours. Macmillan, 2000)Fronting In some alternatively ordered sentences, the subject is not the first element to appear in the sentence. Some element of the complete predicate is fronted or placed at the beginning of the sentence in front of the subject. Fronting shifts emphasis from the subject to the fronted element in the sentence: At the beach, I always feel content. Never could I have imagined the horrors that awaited us. The first sentence begins with the adverbial at the beach. Though the phrase precedes the subject I, it is still a part of the complete predicate. At the beach modifies the verb feel. . . . The second sentence begins with the adverb never and the modal auxiliary verb could. Though it precedes the subject, could is still a part of the verb phrase could have imagined. - (Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004)

Intellectual Property Lawyersâ€Protecting New Ideas

Intellectual Property Lawyers- Protecting New Ideas Intellectual property lawyers are professionals trained in the legislation and regulations that protect individuals creations from intellectual theft. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a United Nations agency responsible for the protection of intellectual property worldwide, Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. In regard  to the law,  intellectual property is divided into two categories: industrial property and copyright. Industrial property includes inventions and their  patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source. Copyright includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems, and plays; films and musical works; artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs, and sculptures; and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of  phonograms  in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs. What Intellectual Property Lawyers Do Basically, intellectual property lawyers do everything legal that is connected with intellectual property. For industrial property, you might hire an  intellectual property lawyer to help you file an application for a patent or trademark, defend your patent or trademark, represent your case before a patent examiner or board, or write a licensing agreement. Additionally, IP lawyers can litigate matters related to intellectual property- representing  clients in courts that go before agencies like the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the International Trade Commission and arguing all sorts of IP law, including  patent law, trademark law, copyright law, trade secret law, licensing, and unfair competition claims. Some IP lawyers also specialize in particular fields intellectual property laws: biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, computer engineering, nanotechnology, the internet, and e-commerce. In addition to earning a law degree and passing the bar, many IP lawyers also possess degrees in a field related to the inventions they hope to help protect through IP law. Traits of Good IP Lawyers Inventors certainly have the right to prepare their own applications, file them, and conduct their own proceedings. However, without having the knowledge that intellectual property lawyers have, inventors may find it extremely difficult to navigate the complex world of property rights and laws. A good IP lawyer, then, will be able to reassure the inventor their services and expertise fit into the needs and budget of the invention. Good IP lawyers know less about the scientific and technical knowledge involved in your invention and more about the process of preparing a patent application and conducting proceedings with any patent office, which is why you would want to hire an intellectual property lawyer  familiar with the rules and regulations. As of 2017, IP attorneys on average earn  between $142,000 to $173,000 per year, meaning its going to cost a lot to hire one of these litigators to help you with your claim. Since IP lawyers can be quite expensive, you should try to file a patent on your own for your small business until the profits start rolling in. You can then hire an IP lawyer to come in later and verify the patent on your latest invention.

Career Management in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Career Management in Business - Essay Example â€Å"This section asks you to reflect on THREE significant experiences/incidents where you have learned a new, or developed an existing, skill or competence. These experiences/incidents could be based in any relevant context (e.g. work, university, home, social clubs etc.) but must refer to skills that you believe will be important in your future employment and career.†Ã‚  I was once interviewing a possible candidate for a position with the company and when I asked her why she wanted to change her work situation she informed me that it was her family situation which was forcing her to do so. I was shocked to hear it and when I asked for an explanation she told me how her father had died recently and she had to work to make ends meet rather than go to college. I was quite taken by the situation and decided to give her the job even though she scored very poorly on the interview and the skills evaluations text. In due course, she turned out to be completely incompetent on the jo b and I had to let her go after a few months of trying to deal with her.  What I learnt from this experience is that business decisions must not be made with emotional viewpoints and rational evaluations need to be made in order to get to the right decision. Simply hiring someone because they need the job could be a disservice to both them and the company because they would hurt the company and even hurt their own future prospects if they are not with the company for a significant period of time. This realisation jumped at me as it was fully explained by Welch (2005).  The skill that I developed was the skill of looking at a situation with rationality and it can certainly be applied to the development of my career. I can be rational about my objectives and about my aims with regard to where I want to be in a few years time and what I need to do in order to get there.

The Cold War and The Post-Cold War Periods Essay

The Cold War and The Post-Cold War Periods - Essay Example ost half of the twentieth century caused mutual suspicions, a series of global incidents, and heightened tensions resulted in world’s superpowers involving is disasters. Most Americans claim that it was Ronald Reagan who emphasized the ending of the Cold War. However, many historians point the Soviet Economy as the main factor that led to the end of the Cold War. The Soviet economy stagnated following the expensive race of weaponry. Due to this, Gorbatsjov was forced to change the Soviet economy using his â€Å"perestrojka† policies. This situation caused a definite economic fall. During this time, the Soviets found it difficult to maintain a firm grasp over eastern European satellite states. The policy of Gorbatsjov glasnost caused a lot of strain to the Eastern Europe. Therefore, afterwards, the Berlin Wall came down marking the ending of the Cold War. One of the main challenges that Europe faced after the end of the Cold War was security issues. The security environment of the European countries has been increasingly unstable and uncertain since the year 1989 when the Cold War ended. What is mainly affecting Europe after disintegration of USSR, Csechoslovakia breakup, and Yugoslavia crisis is the unravelling political arrangements that were established after the ending of the First World War (Mearsheimer 23). There are new territorial and ethnic issues that resulted from the Cold War. These issues have caused much destabilization in Europe and undermining efforts of creating new and stable security orders in Europe. Historically, after the end of the Cold War, most European states are unable to solve complex security problems by their own. After numerous enlargements, the Union of Europe currently has twenty seven members who have inevitably turned out to be international players. Additionally, despite the increment of EU and NATO membership, Cold War also brought political differences between Eastern and Western Europe (Phillips 54). On top of these

Why Should Prostitution Be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why Should Prostitution Be legalized - Essay Example The premise of this study, therefore, is that prostitute women are sustained in prostitution since involvement in prostitution becomes making sense. Hence, whereas legal and scholarly discourse has represented prostitutes as either dissimilar from or similar to average women, and whereas engaging in prostitution generates conflicting effects, some prostitute women were able to establish significance of their involvement in prostitution since they lived both within and outside the wholeness of the conflicts of being similar and different from other women. Prostitution should be legalized because for the prostitute women themselves prostitution is a gendered survival mechanism that allowed them to acquire and sustain a degree of social and financial security and hence created better lives for themselves, and a gendered exploitation that endangered their physical and social stability and ensnarled them into prostitution. They justify their contradiction through believing that their prostitute activities were simply an emphasis of the inconsistent conflation of men, money and brutality that influences, orients and affects all heterosexual sexual

Apple iPhone in UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Apple iPhone in UK - Case Study Example Apple is expecting a decrease from $489 in 2007 to $365 in 2008 to $314 in 2009. This trend would represent the direction taken by Apple as it established the iphone family, where there is a slow but stable expansion Apple saw in lowering their price with their new amendments once they enter U.K (Macworld, 2008). On the other hand, Apple noted that the unit growth curve is steeper more than the iPods, noting that iPhones sales in two days are bigger than iPod sales. The sales of Iphones in 2007 grew up to 409%, iPhone units profits grew slower at 304% between the financial year 2008 and 2009, although there were some uncertainties as to how fast Apple releases cheaper model units. Apples forecasts to have continuous global rollout especially in U.K. which they think will be twice the target market for iphone yearly until 2010. There were 3.7 million iPhones old from 2007 up to present. Munster's estimates also take into account the continued international rollout of the handset, which he believes will double the addressable market for the device every year for the next two years. With 3.7 million units having been sold through December via 6 carriers (who combined for a subscriber base of 153 million), he estimates the iPhone's penetration into this addressable market to be just 3 percent. The early publicity of the launch of iPhone h... Apple iPhone in U.K. Critics said that it is a suicide for Apple to launch iPhone 3G in the mobile market of U.K. market. Some says that they are purchasing it because of many reasons. According to these critics, Apple will kill their U.S. launch; will alienate their consumers and many other factors. It is also reported that it is so ambitious to launch iPhone in U.K. because Vodafone and T-mobile have their own mobile phones. The Strategic Directions of iPhone 3G in U.K. iPhone's strategic direction is to become the undefeated mobile phone leader all over the globe, not just based on size, but in how it utilizes that size to attain its mission. It has already established its foundation as global leader in mobile phone/PC with an influential combination of abilities and resources that offers an objective for providing strong growth in present fast changing mobile phone industry (Aaker, 2000 and Teece and Shun, 2002). The establishment as the global leader in the mobile phone industry resulted to the strength of the company. The company's efforts to develop such mobile units of the iPhone family and their market research helped them establish this foundation. But it does not stop there. To adhere the company's mission to be a global leader in the mobile phone industry, they would still like to penetrate the mobile phone industry of U.K. Even though they are aware that the competition in U.K. is very steep, the core competencies of Apple are based on i ts drive to help people globally by continuously enhancing, unraveling and discovering new technologies. In analyzing Apple iPhone 3G's penetration to the mobile phone industry in U.K. it is better to use the aid of the strategy clock of Cliff Bowman (Amoruso et al, 2000). It is the most appropriate way

Principels of Management ; Discssion Board 4 Term Paper

Principels of Management ; Discssion Board 4 - Term Paper Example By bringing operative employees into the decision making process, establishing a planning committee made up of three management members and three operative employees, starting a suggestion system, and installing a performance appraisal is a clear sign that Wallace embraces consultative leadership style. It happens with new management so as to understand some rules and organization culture. Leaders, though authoritative in the way they handle issues, tend to be paternalistic in nature. This is evident in the manner in which Rusty manages operations in the Plastic division. He believes work is work and if an employee does not improve, it is better they quit. In addition, he is firm and does not tolerate any form of nonsense but every employee likes him because he handles everything squarely. Wallace can use transactional leadership with Rusty because it will help help define systems and establish chain of command and make sure subordinates remain answerable to the management of be punished. Alternatively, Wallace can use participative leadership style in that he allows Rusty to make proposals about some decisions and decides whether they are good or not. Just as Rusty wants it done, being highly participative means that decision making is delegated to him as Wallace watches and advices where necessary. I agree with Rusty’s sentiments. People already like him and his style of leadership. In such a large organization, there is need for authoritative governance to ensure efficiency in production and system control. Having employees as participants in the decision-making process does not improve production quality if the leader is not strong enough to watch over activities and ensure every procedure is followed to the latter. What if employees decide to influence and demand for implementation of awkward policies that can lead to the downfall of the organization? What if employees do not have any competency skills in decision making? Producing items according to

Leader Persona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leader Persona - Essay Example ust have appropriate qualities capable of fostering the growth of the various aspects of the society as the below analysis of Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani below portrays. Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani typifies the qualities of a good leader in the contemporary society. From his controversial rise to power in 1995 to the current economic and social stability of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani continues to prove his ability to lead and revolutionize a modern society, one bestowed with limitless natural resources that continue to cause chaos and mayhem in numerous other parts of the world. Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani came from Al Thani, a royal family in Qatar and became the ruling Emir in 1995 through a bloodless coup of the palace. He ruled the country from 1995 to 2013 a period within which Qatar experienced tremendous economic growth. Additionally, Qatari became a regional economic and diplomatic hub under his leadership. Numerous sports and diplomatic functions took place in the county during his tenure. As stated earlier, he embodied a perfect and revolutionary leader who enhanced the growth and prosperity. Key among his personality traits was aggressiveness (Kronfol, Ghuloum & Weber, 2013). He rose to power by overthrowing an existing Emir of the kingdom. Such was his belief in both himself and his leadership. He believed that he could lead the people of Qatar better thereby enhancing the development of the Kingdom. He therefore grabbed the throne. He was part of the royalty in the Kingdom a feature that made the coup bloodless. However, soon after rising to power, he busied himself with the formation of appropriate social and political structures to help secure the country and fortify his position as the Emir of the Kingdom. He understood that politics continue to bedevil other countries with similar political structures. He therefore sought to safeguard his position as the leader of the country by creating appropriate political structures to help him secure his

Principels of Management ; Discssion Board 4 Term Paper

Principels of Management ; Discssion Board 4 - Term Paper Example By bringing operative employees into the decision making process, establishing a planning committee made up of three management members and three operative employees, starting a suggestion system, and installing a performance appraisal is a clear sign that Wallace embraces consultative leadership style. It happens with new management so as to understand some rules and organization culture. Leaders, though authoritative in the way they handle issues, tend to be paternalistic in nature. This is evident in the manner in which Rusty manages operations in the Plastic division. He believes work is work and if an employee does not improve, it is better they quit. In addition, he is firm and does not tolerate any form of nonsense but every employee likes him because he handles everything squarely. Wallace can use transactional leadership with Rusty because it will help help define systems and establish chain of command and make sure subordinates remain answerable to the management of be punished. Alternatively, Wallace can use participative leadership style in that he allows Rusty to make proposals about some decisions and decides whether they are good or not. Just as Rusty wants it done, being highly participative means that decision making is delegated to him as Wallace watches and advices where necessary. I agree with Rusty’s sentiments. People already like him and his style of leadership. In such a large organization, there is need for authoritative governance to ensure efficiency in production and system control. Having employees as participants in the decision-making process does not improve production quality if the leader is not strong enough to watch over activities and ensure every procedure is followed to the latter. What if employees decide to influence and demand for implementation of awkward policies that can lead to the downfall of the organization? What if employees do not have any competency skills in decision making? Producing items according to

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective - Term Paper Example The world is divided over the moral issues involved in taking the life of a person. Some people see no moral violations in allowing mercy killing whereas some others especially the believers in religion and God argue that only the creator has the right to take the life back of his creations. This paper briefly analyses the moral issues involved in euthanasia with the help of Kantian perspectives or moral theories of life. According to Kant, suicide was an action that violates moral responsibility. He believed that the proper end of rational beings requires self-preservation, and that suicide would, therefore, be inconsistent with the fundamental value of human life. Nobody has so far succeeded in creating an artificial life in a laboratory set up even though science and technology advanced a lot. The above fact itself clearly shows the value and preciousness associated with life. Kant believed that humans have the duty or the mission of managing his resources in the physical world and he has no right to intrude into the spiritual world. Nobody knows from where we come and where we go after death. But everybody knows that only the physical body will be destroyed after death whereas the spirit/soul which drives the human body may not have an end even after death. Kant believed that human being has a special place in the creations of god and hence morality is the core of every action or duty performed by a human being. Since man cannot have absolute surety in what is going to happen in the next moment, it is his mission to do his duty and don’t bother about the outcomes. In other words, the man comes to this earth for a temporary assignment and he is not sure about his mission in the past, present and in future. â€Å"According to Kant, every rational being exists as an end in himself and not merely as a means to be arbitrarily used by this or that will†.

Remote Sensing Bathymetry of Coral Reefs

Remote Sensing Bathymetry of Coral Reefs

Musik und ihre Wirkung in der Fernsehwerbung Essay -- essays research

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Einleitung Werbung begegnet und begleitet uns permanent auf unterschiedlichste Weise durch den Alltag, sogar in der Freizeit werden wir immer wieder mit Werbung konfrontiert, ob zuhause oder unterwegs, freiwillig oder unfreiwillig. Vermutlich fà ¤llt es daher kaum einem Menschen in unserer heutigen Mediengesellschaft schwer, Slogans aus der Fernsehwerbung wie „Nicht immer, aber immer à ¶fter.â€Å" oder „Die zarteste Versuchung, seit es Schokolade gibt.â€Å" mit dem entsprechenden umworbenen Produkt in Verbindung zu bringen, bei dem letzteren Slogan sogar die entsprechende Begleitmelodie mit zu summen. Ausgehend von dieser Vermutung stellen sich mir folgende Fragen, die im Verlauf dieser Arbeit beantwortet werden sollen: Warum prà ¤gt sich die Fernsehwerbung so stark in unser Gedà ¤chtnis ein und welche bedeutende Rolle spielt die Musik dabei? Wie muss die Fernsehwerbung und die Musik beschaffen sein, damit sie sich so gut einprà ¤gt? Bevor ich auf die Werbung im Fernsehen zu sprechen komme, mà ¶chte ich zunà ¤chst klà ¤ren, wie sich der Begriff „Werbungâ€Å" allgemein definiert und welche Formen von Werbung es gibt (Kapitel 2). Im anschließenden Kapitel geht es dann speziell um Fernsehwerbung und deren Entstehung, Verbreitung und Nutzen fà ¼r die Werbeschaffenden (Kapitel 3). Das vierte Kapitel beschà ¤ftigt sich mit allgemeinen und konkreten Zielsetzungen der Fernsehwerbung und ihre Wirkung auf den Konsumenten (Kapitel 4). Das nachfolgende Kapitel bearbeitet die Konzeption von Musik in der Fernsehwerbung. Bevor ich auf die Kompositionsformen entsprechender Musik und die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Musikstile im engen Zusammenhang mit Produktimage und Zielgruppe eingehe, werden eingehend die Bedeutung, die Funktionen und die Wirkung von Musik in der Fernsehwerbung dargestellt (Kapitel 5). Eine abschließende Schlussbetrachtung soll die Fragestellungen dieser Arbeit noch einmal aufgreifen und auf der Grundlage der einzelnen Kapitel beantworten. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was ist Werbung? Zum besseren Verstà ¤ndnis des Begriffes „Werbungâ€Å" sollen an dieser Stelle zunà ¤chst zwei mà ¶gliche Definitionen vorgestellt werden: „Werbung ist ein wirtschaftssozialer Prozess, bei welchem mit unpersà ¶nlichen Mitteln Meinungen und Entscheidungen beeinflusst werden, unter Wahrung des Gefà ¼hls freier Entschließung.â€Å" „Werbung ist Kommunikation. Jede, der ein Anliege... ...dere Formen der Werbung und erreicht viele unterschiedliche Zielgruppen in kà ¼rzester Zeit. Die Fernsehwerbung ist in Musikstil und Produktimage genau auf entsprechende Zielgruppen ausgerichtet, sodass sie fà ¼r den Menschen an persà ¶nlicher Bedeutung gewinnt und er sich mit dem umworbenen Produkt besser identifizieren kann. Durch immer wiederkehrende Slogans, Melodien und Jingles besitzt die Werbung eine hohe Suggestivkraft. Vor allem die Musik spielt hinsichtlich der Wirkung von Fernsehwerbung eine bedeutende Rolle, den sie spricht stets die Gefà ¼hlswelt an und là ¶st (im Idealfall positive) Emotionen aus, die mit dem angepriesenen Produkt direkt in Verbindung gebracht werden (sollen). Dabei besteht die Gefahr, dass der Konsument die Informationen nur oberflà ¤chlich aufnimmt, ohne sich kritisch mit den Inhalten einer Werbung bzw. den Produkten auseinander zu setzen. Produkte werden demzufolge meist unbewusst mit bestimmten Slogans und Melodien in Verbindung gebracht und abspeichert – laut Werbeindustrie die beste Grundlage und Voraussetzung fà ¼r den Kauf und Erwerb eines umworbenen Produkts – das Hauptziel der Werbeindustrie ist erreicht, der Konsument hat kaum etwas davon gemerkt.

Mother Night, Welcome to the Monkey House, and Harrison Bergeron :: Mother Night Essays

Government vs. Individual in Mother Night, Welcome to the Monkey House, and Harrison Bergeron Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. has made important contributions to the development of the 20th century American novel. His influences are felt in modern social satire, as well as nontraditional science fiction. One theme that is recurrent in his work is the common portrayal of government forces as destructive to individuals; to force characters to do evil in the name of good. Kurt Vonegut, Jr. was born November 11, 1922 in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of an architect. He attended Cornell University in 1940, studying biochemistry, but soon quit because his grades were poor. He worked as a columnist for the Cornell Daily Sun until joining the army in 1942. He was captured by the Germans in 1944 and forced to work in a factory, where he lived through the fire bombing of Dresden. This, and the suicide of his mother in 1944, were the two most influential events in his life. After the war he worked for the Chicago News Bureau and studied anthropology. He has written many novels and one short story collection. His most acclaimed work, Slaughterhouse-Five, is a twisted account of the Dresden bombing. He is still alive and writing. His most recent published work, Timequake, appeared in the December 1997 Playboy Magazine. Mother Night was Vonnegut's third novel and one his few works that contains no elements of science fiction. Though this novel is not one of his most critically acclaimed, it serves as a prime example of Vonnegut's skill as a black humorist and weaver of human absurdity. Mother Night is the story of Howard W. Campbell, Jr, Nazi radio propagandist and American spy. The novel begins and ends in the same spot; a "new jail in old Jerusalem" (Mother Night p. Mother Night, Welcome to the Monkey House, and Harrison Bergeron :: Mother Night Essays Government vs. Individual in Mother Night, Welcome to the Monkey House, and Harrison Bergeron Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. has made important contributions to the development of the 20th century American novel. His influences are felt in modern social satire, as well as nontraditional science fiction. One theme that is recurrent in his work is the common portrayal of government forces as destructive to individuals; to force characters to do evil in the name of good. Kurt Vonegut, Jr. was born November 11, 1922 in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of an architect. He attended Cornell University in 1940, studying biochemistry, but soon quit because his grades were poor. He worked as a columnist for the Cornell Daily Sun until joining the army in 1942. He was captured by the Germans in 1944 and forced to work in a factory, where he lived through the fire bombing of Dresden. This, and the suicide of his mother in 1944, were the two most influential events in his life. After the war he worked for the Chicago News Bureau and studied anthropology. He has written many novels and one short story collection. His most acclaimed work, Slaughterhouse-Five, is a twisted account of the Dresden bombing. He is still alive and writing. His most recent published work, Timequake, appeared in the December 1997 Playboy Magazine. Mother Night was Vonnegut's third novel and one his few works that contains no elements of science fiction. Though this novel is not one of his most critically acclaimed, it serves as a prime example of Vonnegut's skill as a black humorist and weaver of human absurdity. Mother Night is the story of Howard W. Campbell, Jr, Nazi radio propagandist and American spy. The novel begins and ends in the same spot; a "new jail in old Jerusalem" (Mother Night p.

Compare the Presentation of War in ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ by Wilfred Owen and ‘for the Fallen’ by Laurence Binyon

‘For the Fallen’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ are two very different poems indirectly expressing Wilfred Owen and Laurence Binyon’s views on war. The contrast of the poems is mainly down to when they were written as Binyon wrote his poem at the very beginning of the war, meaning the poem has a very propagandist and optimistic outlook on the war. He also wrote it before he visited the front in 1916. However Owen wrote his poem near to the end of the war, in hospital, after fighting on the western front.Many of his close friends had died during the war, which probably influenced a lot of the anger in his poems. It is clear in Owen’s poem that he feels there is absolutely no honour in dying for one’s country. He describes a fellow soldier killed in a gas attack, ‘flound’ring like a man in fire or lime’ followed by, ‘behind the wagon that we flung him in. ’ The second quote gives the impression that this soldie r is just one of many thousands of unnamed individuals who were killed and carted off without any funeral.It gives a message to propagandists and people who think war is glorious, that it is nothing of the sort. Also Owen’s title ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’, means: ‘It is sweet and fitting’. However the poem completely undermines the title saying the opposite and ending with ‘The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. ‘ Owen uses heavy irony in the title and could also be directing this quote at officers who originally led many soldiers to their death. By contrast, Binyon describes the death of the soldiers at war very differently: ‘Death august and royal’.Binyon personifies death and makes it honourable, dignifying the death of the soldiers. Binyon also describes the dead soldiers ‘As the stars are known to the Night,’ which implies that they are always there, even if they are not seen in the day, but remembe red in their family’s dreams every night. Furthermore the title: ‘For the Fallen’ is a euphemism, which like the poem avoids the fact that the soldiers actually died in many gruesome ways during battle. The images that Binyon and Owen create through their language in their poems are very different.Owen’s descriptions are extremely graphic and create very strong images: ‘You could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs. ’ One can almost see and hear the reality of war through all these descriptions. Owen also manages to create a few quite unnatural and sometimes impossible images: ‘Dim, through misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. ’ The word ‘drowning’ gives us an image of someone drowning in air, which is impossible.By doing this, Owen shows the extreme horror of having to watch someone die in a gas attack. Binyon’s imagery, by contras t, is much more idealised and glorifies the soldiers. There are many references to stars and the heavens: ‘immortal spheres’, ‘As the stars are known to the night’, ‘the heavenly plain’. In the penultimate line the word ‘stars’ is even repeated: ‘As the stars that are starry in the time of our time of darkness’. By comparing the soldiers to stars, Binyon is erasing any negative references to the horrors of war and creating an image of heaven instead.The use of tone in the two poems is very contrasting as while Binyon adopts a very dignified, patriotic and mournful tone, Owen, on the contrary uses quite a pessimistic and sometimes aggressive tone. Owen does this by using spondees at the beginning of lines: ‘Bent Double’, ‘Knock-kneed’, and ‘Gas! Gas! ’ By putting two stressed syllables at the start of lines, Owen is avoiding a gentle iambic rhythm, and instead creating more of a ch aotic effect which is helped by the sudden change to present tense. Owen also uses many words like: ‘sludge’, ‘blood’ and ‘zest’.This sort of vocabulary adds to the poem’s slightly aggressive tone, with the use of quite hard-hitting and monosyllabic words. However, Binyon, on the contrary is much more formal and uses a mixture of latinate and anglo-saxon vocabulary creating both a warm but at the same time, respectful tone. Binyon also plays with word order, using inverted syntax: ‘They mingle not’, and ‘At the going down of the sun’. This gives the poem a greater sense of authority and importance, and even sometimes sounds slightly biblical: ‘Flesh of her flesh they were, spirit of her spirit’.In ‘For the Fallen’, the form is relatively simple with short four-line verses with the last line always slightly shorter. This could relate to the soldiers lives being cut short but interestingl y, these last lines can also be of significance by themselves, describing the soldiers who died: ‘Fallen in the cause of the free’, ‘They fell with their faces to the foe’, ‘To the end, to the end, they remain. ’ The poem is also made up of antonymic lines, the structure being A, B, C, B. The rhyming 2nd and 4th lines represent the harmony of the poem, while the non-rhyming 1st and 3rd represent the disharmony.There are also antonyms within certain lines: ‘music’ and ‘desolation’, ‘glory’ and ‘tears’. The rhythm of the poem is quite irregular, possibly to emphasise the fact that the subject of the poem is too important to give a ‘rum-ti-tum’ rhythm. Unlike ‘For the Fallen’, which is an elegy, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ is a narrative. The verses are longer in Owen’s poem, the first two stanzas 8 lines, and the last 12 lines. The four extra lines in the last stanza almost come across as a personal message from Owen himself: ‘My friend, you would not tell with such high zest†¦ Also, the last line of the poem, a bit like the ends of Binyon’s verses, is cut short representing the soldier’s lives being cut short: ‘Pro patria mori. ’ Not only this, but the fact that the poem ends with the word ‘mori’-death- again refers to the soldiers’ lives. The poem is also set out like a story as it starts by setting the scene, which is followed by the climax in the 2nd stanza, and then the ending. Owen uses alternate rhyme which knits all the lines together, making them flow.The rhyme scheme also draws attention to the specific rhyming words at the end of each line which, if read alone, describe the events taking place e. g. ‘trudge’, blind’, ‘stumbling’, ‘drowning’, ‘blood’. Owen uses repetition to emphasise certain words: ‘G as! Gas! ’, ‘All went lame; all blind’. The repetition of ‘gas’ creates much more urgency than if it was just written once. Also, the repetition of ‘all’ really makes the reader realise that Owen is trying to not just say it was one or two people who were hurt, but everyone.Owen also uses caesura: ‘Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All†¦ ’ The full-stops in the middle of the lines disrupt the rhythm and maybe draw attention to the fact that the marching is not orderly. Binyon, like Owen, uses some repetition: ‘Flesh of her flesh they were, spirit of her spirit’, ‘To the end, to the end they remain’. The repetition, in this case, with its lulling rhythm, adds to the overall proud and majestic feel of the poem. Another word that Binyon repeats almost constantly through the poem is ‘they’.This, in contrast to Owen who specifically describes one p erson dying in gory detail, unifies all the soldiers into one. Both ‘For the Fallen’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’, in their own ways, describe soldiers who went to war. However, the two poems are opposite to each other in almost every way, as the points above show. Binyon shows us the glory of patriotism and self sacrifice while Owen shows the brutal reality of what it was truly like in the battlefield. These two poems show us how differently war can be described and interpreted.

Reacton Paper for the movie “Boses”

Synopsis: Oboes is a tale of compassion, strength of the human spirit and the redeeming power of music. It tells the story of Nook, a 7-year-old victim of child abuse in the hands of his father. Rendered mute by a physical trauma that damaged his Larynx, Anonymously Duke), who lives with his father in a countryside village, Is rescued by police and taken to a shelter for battered children owned and run by the kindly Ms. Amanda(Cherry Pie Placate).HIS speech dillydally aggravated by the psychological burden of being kept away from his cruel father makes Nook despondent. One day, eyeing the other children taunting a man who lives in a house near the shelter, Nook becomes curious, especially as he later on hears violin music coming from the house. He soon discovers that the man is the violinist Ariel(Coke Ballista), the brother of Amanda who has abandoned his career as a concert violinist In Manila to live as a recluse, apparently In grief and guilt over the death of his woman Blanch(Me rely Syrians).Nook's fascination with violin music leads him to Investigate around Riel's house when it is empty. Sensing the boys interest, Ariel in time subtly manages to encourage Nook to try the violin, and soon discerns a prodigy in the timid boy. A friendship very gently blossoms between the recluse and the battered child, until the boy is ripe for a recital to be witnessed by his father. Reaction: Oboes Is a film which speaks to us a good message of hope despite of a tragic history and how music can change a life of someone.The message which was communicated through excellent direction, fine portrayals, and beautiful music was clear enough to let ourselves be aware of what is really happening around us and be enlightened in mimes of great darkness. The film has several sensitive topics and I'm impressed of how the way they treated these topics. It made the film worthy of being acclaimed. Child abuse Is the main issue that was shown in the movie – on doing harsh actions and making a child a human ashtray – and the worst was, by a parent Itself. The parents have no right to hurt their child Just because they are the parents.Parents are ought to teach moral and good things to their children. Of course, It is not right to make violence at a child's eyes because that could result to another violence, or rose, because of the boys early age, they are already poisoning his innocent mind which is really unfair. And the sad part is that they give the child a life full of fears, traumas and distress which steals the confidence and trust of the boy to himself and the world. Instead of having protection and care which every child ought to have,they create only something that a child can fear.They are depriving the freedom of the child. Sexual harassment was also one issue though it was not really shown in the film. It was actually Shirley story wherein she said the line â€Å"†¦ Anon aka in tatty†. It was really alarming because the one who molested her was her own father. And very distressing to think that she was only five, six or seven years old. Like sexual harassment which was not totally highlighted in the film but still has a great impact child abuse. It's illegal because it is a crime; equivalent to killing and stealing a life of a person. More than that, It is a mortal sin.Sexual harassments, abortion, live-in, pre- marital sex, and suicide were the sensitive topics Eve found out. These are only little tails in the story but still important. Though some weren't given emphasis but still supports the story which makes it worthwhile. The biggest lesson that I got was to keep the faith and hope despite the ruthlessness of life. Nook had lots of scars, both physical and emotional. Beaten by his father, tortured and forced him to eat as in forcing the spoon into his mouth. But at the end, he was able to get back his trust in the world and live a new life.Same as Ariel who was in sorrow and loneliness because of the death of the one that he loves, at the end, he mound the comfort and restored his spirit. And who says that bad people don't have the chance to be good? Of course they have like in the situation of Mans Marcelo (Risky Dave) who at the end was very sorry for the unkindness he had to his son. Basically, the film offers us hope in every problem that we face and might face in the future. Music has a very important role in the story because it is the instrument that healed both Ariel (Coke) and Nooks Aeolian) wounds of the past.Though it leave them scars but scars are physically not painful anymore. Through music, we can express what we feel in a more peaceful and beautiful way. As a music lover, I truly believe on how music can transform lives. Basically, Oboes is a very sensible story and I agree to that. Doses, speaks to us the voice of the children asking freedom from the chains of violence and abuse; crying and shouting out loud but never heard; seeking for themselves that was stol en from them; and the voice which may not be in the form of words, but in the form of something where they can find, somehow, a relief.

Causes of Parallel Economy in India Essay

There are several factors responsible for the emergence – of parallel economy. It would be relevant to discuss those factors so that a correct understanding about the genesis, growth and expansion of black money can be made. The principal factors are: 1.Rigid and Complicated tax & high tax rates implemented by the government- High tax rates and defective tax structure have also been responsible for the existence of black money to a large extent. Take for instance direct taxation. Till recently the tax on income and on wealth was very high to invite evasion. The marginal rate of income tax was as high as 75 per cent. And when it was combined with the tax on wealth, it was still higher. The corporate tax rate too was very high. In these circumstances the temptation / gain from tax evasion was substantial. 2.Quantitative and qualitative Controls and licensing system- The system of controls, permits, quotas and licenses which are associated with misdistributions of the commodities in short supply results in the generation of black money. Since considerable discretionary powers lay in the hands of those who administered controls. This provided them with a scope for corruption – ‘speed money’ for turning a blind eye to the violation of controls. All this gave rise to trading in permits, quotas and licenses, malpractices in distribution and in the process; it generated sizeable sums of black money. 3.Price and distribution controls- Price and distribution controls have in the past led to the generation of black money on a significant scale. Any price control without any adequate machinery of distribution and speedy arrangement for increasing supplies is potentially a source of black money generation. 4.Hawala market as the main cause of black money generation- It is very well known that the international smugglers or the traders in other illicit trade cannot complete their monetary transactions through any nationalized or other private legal banks in India. Also, the amount of money in which the drugs and other weapons are imported or exported is quite large, usually in billions. 5.Transactions is real estate property- Since the sale of property on lease hold is permitted by the government only at a payment of certain amount of premium to it, the lessee generally completes this transaction through the power of attorney so that they escape from paying the premium which is fixed on the basis of the difference between the current market price and the price fixed by the government. 6.Inflation – Both a Cause and Consequence of Black Money- During inflation there is a general rise in the consumer price index or simply the cost of living of the people. As such, the workers and the various labors in the production process demand a rise in their wages to meet the rise in expenditure. This lead to increase in the cost of production of the products. They try to meet this increased cost of production by increasing the profits margin through sales price. 7.Deterioration of the Quality and Morality of the General Masses- The objective of the business is generally profit maximization and that of government is social justice and quality that goes against each other. But it seems that both have joined hands to maximize their own profits at the stake of the common people. Bribing the government officials and letting them earn some commissions on the foreign export and import by urging them to reduce the customs duties and simplify the procedure of documentation are some of the common phenomenon in our daily life. 8.Donation to Political Parties- Ever since the Government decided to ban donations to political parties in 1968; it prompted businessmen to fund political parties, especially the ruling party, with the help of black money. Ostensibly, this decision was taken to reduce the influence of big business on the electoral process, but in practice what happened was precisely the opposite. Businessmen everywhere have by now learnt that they should pay a certain charge out of the black money to the coffers of political parties, resulting, relaxation of various controls, permitting business houses to enter areas reserved for the public sector, putting a large number of banned items on the Open General License list etc. 9.The Political Instability Witnessed in the Country- In various states widespread horse-trading of the MLAs at the state levels and MPs at the Central level. In this process of buying political support, black money plays a crucial role. Consequently the determination of the ruling political party to curb black money has become very weak. As a consequence, businessmen feel they have an unfettered license to spin black money, pay a small part to the political parties as donations and then enjoy the rest the way they like. Unless the link between black money and political power is broken, there is no hope of controlling the generation of black money or its link with crime. 10.Ineffective Enforcement of Tax Laws- Whereas the Government has an armory of tax laws pertaining to income tax, sales tax, stamp duties, excise duty etc., their enforcement is very weak due to widespread corruption in these departments. . The high rates of these taxes induce businessmen to avoid recording of these transactions. This evasion largely goes unchecked and thus sets in a chain reaction for the generation of black money at the wholesale, retail as well as production levels. 11.Generation of Black Money in the Public Sector- Every successive five-year plan is planned for a larger size of investment in the public sector. The projects undertaken by the public sector have to be monitored by the bureaucrats in Government departments and public sector undertakings. Tenders are invited for the various works and these tenders are awarded by the bureaucracy in consultation with the political bosses. 12.A Symbiotic Relationship Develops between the Contractors, Bureaucracy and the Politicians- A symbiotic relationship develops between the contractors, bureaucracy and the politicians and by a large number of devices costs ‘are artificially escalated and black money is generated by underhand deals. Instability of the political system has given a further momentum to this process. Since the ministers are not sure of their tenure and in a majority of cases, the tenure is very short, the principle ‘Make hey while the sun shines’ is adopted by most of them. The larger numbers of scandals that are unearthed by the Opposition only support the contention that huge investment in the public sector is a big potential source for black money generation. In this process, bureaucrats act as brokers for political leaders and thus the nexus between business, bureaucracy and politicians promotes the generation of black money. 13.Ceiling on Depreciation and Other Business Expenses- Government has imposed restriction. It has also circumscribed expenses on advertisement, entertainment, guest houses, and payment of perquisites to directors. The purpose of these restrictions is to protect the shareholders and consumers from the unscrupulous action of businessmen. But businessmen feel that these restrictions are unjustified. They take the maximum advantage of these provisions but do not like to part with the remaining part of by various clandestine devices; they convert it into black money and use it either for conspicuous production to satisfy the wants of the rich and elite sections of society. 14.Capitation Fees- Capitation fees are a very common term used in the context of admissions in big educational institutes and universities. Capitation fees if another term used for the donations given to these universities for the purpose of seeking admissions when the students fails to secure the minimum cut off percentage required. Generally, the money rose by these colleges and institutes through these methods are not revealed to the income tax departments. They are also called the hidden income of these educational temples. Moreover, the amount of capitation fees for big in Small Scale institutes ranges in lakh and not just in thousands. 15.Unawareness of the Consumers’ Rights and Duties- Unawareness of the consumer’s rights and duties is also another cause for the generation of black money. For example, the consumers fail to take a proper invoice from the shopkeepers so as to evade the tax to be paid on the purchase of those goods. There are more of such instances where the shopkeeper too fools the consumers. Sometimes, they charge more that mentioned as MRP on the packet. They even paste false stickers on the packets to hide the real value of the good. The extra money charged above the MRP is kept by them as black money. They do not pay taxes in such income. 16.Donations to Charitable and Temple’s Trusts- Donations to charitable and temples trusts are another source of black income. There are various issues related to the income of these trusts. It is generally the ignorance of devotees that prompt such a large amount of donations to these temples. 17.Paying Bribes- Paying bribes to the government officials for various purposes has become very common in modern times. Paying bribes for obtaining legal sanctions for the illegal immovable property, paying bribes to the traffic constables and others on the violation of the rules and norms etc. are some of the examples of our malicious acts. It is we that prompt and encourage these public servants to accept bribes from the public and exploit them.

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Response paper - Essay Example Countries like China and India are in the development phase and are looking to establish themselves more in the international economy. For this purpose, they require more and more energy and as this energy is produced, more greenhouse gases would be emitted. The US and European countries, on the other hand, can afford to invest in the development of Clean Technology because they are well-developed. International cooperation asks all the countries to take certain measures to reduce the GHG. Such measures are acceptable for developed countries but under-developed countries cannot afford to comply with such requirements because of their energy needs. When these countries do not comply with international treaties, the other countries also pull out of such treaties. Apart from the economic needs, countries may also opt not to comply with a treaty because they do not want to follow the lead of Western countries. For instance, history tells us that China rarely followed the lead of US on ma ny occasions. The treaties made for better environment can work only when they are harmonized and every country contributes. This has not been the case in the Montreal Protocol and the Copenhagen

LASA 2 - The Case For or Against New Orleans Study

LASA 2 - The For or Against New Orleans - Case Study Example Objectives This research and case study aims to establish the facts about the damages caused by Hurricane Katrina, considering both the short-term losses as well as the long-term potential losses in the event that nothing or little is done to reconstruct and prevent a similar calamity. On the basis of facts, it also aims to discover advantages and disadvantages, risks and opportunities of substantial investments which will be required to allow New Orleans to prevent another level-5 disaster. Finally, a Cost-Benefit Analysis will be formulated to arrive at a recommended decision about the budget that should be allocated for the reconstruction. Alternative Courses of Action A. Proceed with funding the ongoing development of New Orleans until Level 5 standards are achieved. B. Cut down the funding and stagger developments in New Orleans. C. Stop funding the NOLA development. Areas of Consideration and Analysis Risks Involved By reconstructing the levee with a standard capable of withsta nding a Level 5 hurricane similar to Katrina, the substantial productivity of New Orleans will not be stopped as it did when 400,000 people evacuated the place and 124,000 lost their jobs. ... Costs and Benefits What are the costs and benefits of the New Orleans Flood Protection System, according to Hallegatte, Stephanie (2005)? As to the effects of climate change, it includes the increase of intensity in the power of hurricanes (p.5). This implies a greater need for stronger and higher levees to protect New Orleans against another major flood. The estimated cost from the viewpoint of local officials was $ 32 billion. Another estimate which considered loss of human lives and the views of insurance companies amounted to $ 30 billion. Hallegatte admitted that the basis for calculating the justifiable budget was not solidly grounded (p.4). This was apparently due to a failure to consider the productivity of people in the area which would cease to be delivered if the workers of New Orleans decide not to be established in New Orleans. In a study of workers’ productivity, the report cited that Americans are most productive on the average per worker. Each one can produce à ¢â‚¬Å"$63,885 of wealth per year, more than their counterparts in all other countries, the International Labor Organization said in its report. Ireland comes in second at $55,986, followed by Luxwmbourg at $55,641, Belgium at $ 55,235 and France at $ 54,609.† according to Klapper, Bradley S. (2007) of Associated Press. This opportunity loss should be the major basis for deciding to what extent New Orleans should be rebuilt, for the simple reason that $63,885 x 124,000 people who lost their jobs = $ 7.9 billion per year. In 130 years, which is the number of years it might take before another major flood tries to destroy a reconstructed New Orleans, the workers of New Orleans will have produced $ 1.027 Trillion worth of wealth for the USA. In another report about

The nature and purpose of World War II propaganda posters used in the Essay

The nature and purpose of World War II propaganda posters used in the US prior to and during US involvement in the war - Essay Example This is why the government had to use all means to persuade them to support its cause in the Second World War and this was done through the propagandists. The American propagandists struggled hard to persuade Americans to fully support the war to the end and ensure that the US emerges victorious. They used different forms of media to pass their message to the masses with the common objective being the fomentation of hatred to the enemy and backing the allied forces. They sold war bonds and encouraged Americans to work hard to produce more so that the soldiers could be well supplied with the basic needs and weapons. This paper focuses on the purpose of World War II propaganda posters that were used prior to and during the US involvement in the war. Snow (2010) asserts that the United States employed the use of posters more than any other media of broadcasting in spreading the war propaganda. In fact it produced the highest number of posters compared to the other countries that took part in the Second World War. These posters had different themes which are as follows: Recruitment, secrecy, conservation, home efforts and production. Their placement was done strategically in areas that didn’t have paid advertisements like in schools, railroad stations, restaurants, post offices and retail stores. Apartment buildings and windows of private homes also played a role as they were used for the smaller posters. These are locations that no other media of propaganda could be used but the message had to be passed to the Americans nonetheless. The government delegated the duty of producing and distributing these posters to the Office of War Information (OWI) Bureau of Graphics. The common feature of the messages circulated in these p osters was positivity as they emphasized tradition, duty and patriotism throughout the campaign (Figure 2). There was need to step up the production process and conserve materials for the war effort because this was a very strong weapon that the allied forces relied on. Figure 3 was used a lot and it was among the first posters to be used by the American propagandists. Its message to the Americans was that the threat of the Nazi is close home than they are aware of. The dark Nazi swastika is looming over a group of innocent patriotic American children who are not even aware of what is going on. Americans were being persuaded that through buying the bonds and making their contributions to the war efforts, the fate of these innocent children could be changed as they could be saved from such evils. The viewers are being urged to buy the bonds because the government was just emerging from depression and did not have the money to stage war on multiple fronts (Jowett & O'Donnell, 2006). T hey were therefore being urged to help the government fight this war through their contributions as it was geared towards bringing peace to America. This poster was very vital during the early days of the war but its use declined in the course of the war when it became apparent that the Nazi threat was on the brink of elimination; financial help was therefore not required at this time. Figure 4 displays an image showing a man dying because someone talked; enemies had send spies to the United States therefore people had to be very cautious with what they say to people they don’t trust. The American government believed that a small leakage of information to the Germans would be terrible news to the Americans as the